低温天气过程对贵州西部红心猕猴桃坐果率的影响调查  

Investigation of the Effects of Cold Weather on Fruit Setting Rate of Red Cartridge Kiwifruit in Western Guizhou

作　　者：池再香 罗培富 孙翔 曾晓珊 胡秋舲 李秀亚 龙如勇 CHI Zai-xiang;LUO Pei-fu;SUN Xiang;ZENG Xiao-shan;HU Qiu-ling;LI Xiu-ya;LONG Ru-yong(Liupanshui Meteorological Bureau of Guizhou Province,Liupanshui 553001,China;Liupanshui Poverty Alleviation and Development Investment Co.,Ltd,Liupanshui 553001;Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate,Guiyang 550002;Liupanshui Phytosanitary Plant Protection Stations,Liupanshui 553001;Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liupanshui 553001)

机构地区：[1]贵州省六盘水市气象局,六盘水553001 [2]六盘水市扶贫开发投资有限公司,六盘水553001 [3]贵州省山地环境气候研究所,贵阳550002 [4]六盘水市植保植检站,六盘水553001 [5]六盘水市农业科学研究院,六盘水553001

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2020年第12期807-813,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：贵州省市科技合作项目(52020-2015-01-02);中国科协创新驱动助力工程项目(2017ZLGC004)。

摘　　要：2020年4月上旬贵州西部出现了较长时间的低温天气过程,导致正处于开花坐果期的红心猕猴桃大量落花落果。鉴于此,于4月10-17日对贵州西部红心猕猴桃主要种植区发耳等19个基地红心猕猴桃坐果率进行调查,并结合各基地4月3-9日逐日平均气温、逐日最低气温资料,分析低温天气过程对贵州西部红心猕猴桃开花坐果的影响,找出影响红心猕猴桃落花落果的低温条件,以期为贵州红心猕猴桃在开花授粉坐果期中防御和减轻低温灾害影响、采取合理应对措施提供科学依据。结果表明:4月3-8日的低温天气,造成正处开花授粉受精坐果的红心猕猴桃严重落花落果,以顺场、新窑、普古基地红心猕猴桃落花落果率最高,达到70%,其次为勺米基地的64.5%和猴场基地的63.3%;以木岗基地红心猕猴桃落花落果率最低,为10%,其次为大用基地的29.5%。初花时间早、花期和授粉期长的品种,其落花落果率偏高,红阳品种落花落果率比东红品种偏高。在红心猕猴桃果树开花授粉坐果期间,连续3d及以上日平均气温低于12℃、日最低气温低于10℃,或连续5d及以上日平均气温低于15℃、日最低气温低于13℃,将造成红心猕猴桃果树落花落果。生产上,可以通过喷施防冻剂、熏烟等措施预防低温冷害,减轻低温天气对红心猕猴桃果树开花授粉坐果的影响。In the first ten days of April 2020,a long-term low temperature weather process occurred in western Guizhou,which led to a large number of flower and fruit drop of red cartridge kiwifruit which was in the period of flowering and fruit setting.In view of this to ascertain the effects of low temperature on fruit setting of red cartridge kiwifruit in early April 2020,we investigated the fruit setting rate of red cartridge kiwifruit in nineteen main planting areas of Western Guizhou from April 10 th to 17 th.And,combined with the data of the daily average temperature and minimum temperature from April 3 th to 9 th,the study analyzed the effects of cold weather on flowering and fruit setting of red cartridge kiwifruit in western Guizhou.In order to provide scientific basis for prevention and mitigation of low temperature disaster and take reasonable countermeasures,the low temperature conditions affecting the flower and fruit drop of red cartridge kiwifruit in Guizhou Province were found out.The results showed that the cold weather from April 3 th to 8 th caused serious flower and fruit drop of red cartridge kiwifruit during their flowering,pollination,fertilization and fruit setting stage.The highest rate of flower and fruit drop was 70%in Shunchang,Xinyao and Pugu,and the second is 64.5%in Shaomi,and the third is 63.3%in Houchang.The lowest rate of flower and fruit drop was 10%in Mugang,and the second is 29.5%in Dayong.Through analysing the first-flowering dates and the time of flowering and pollination,it was found that the earlier first-flowering dates,the longer time of flowering and pollination,the rate of flower and fruit drop was higher.Besides,it was found that the rate of flower and fruit drop of Hongyang varieties was higher than that of Donghong varieties.In the period of flowering,pollination,fertilization and fruit setting stage of red cartridge kiwifruit,it was found that when the daily average temperature<12℃and the daily minimum temperature<10℃last 3 days or more,or when the daily average temperat

关 键 词：红心猕猴桃 开花期 授粉期 低温 持续时间 落花落果 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]