千米级竖井全断面科学钻进装备与关键技术分析  

Equipment and key technologies for full-section scientifically drilling of kilometer-level vertical shafts

作　　者：刘志强 宋朝阳 程守业 纪洪广[3,4] 谭杰 荆国业 LIU Zhiqiang;SONG Zhaoyang;CHENG Shouye;JI Hongguang;TAN Jie;JING Guoye(Beijing China Coal Mine Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;National Engineering Lab for Deep Shaft Construction Technology in Coal Mine,Beijing 100013,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中煤矿山工程有限公司,北京100013 [2]煤矿深井建设技术国家工程实验室,北京100013 [3]北京科技大学城市地下空间工程北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [4]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2020年第11期3645-3656,共12页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0600801);中国工程院咨询研究资助项目(2019-XZ-16-03);天地科技创新创业资金专项重点资助项目(2018-TD-ZD003)。

摘　　要：千米级竖井全断面钻进技术是我国深地开发的重要技术支撑。围绕机械高效破岩与智能安全钻进这一主题,阐述了机械破岩钻井装备和无人化钻井的研究进展,梳理得出以竖井钻机、竖井掘进机和反井钻机3种钻机构成的机械破岩科学钻井技术、工艺及装备体系,并凝练出竖井全断面科学钻进过程中破岩、排渣、智能监控、支护和辅助钻进5项核心技术及其涵盖的12项关键技术;提出千米级竖井全断面机械破岩钻井需要攻克的关键技术问题与科学问题。针对深部高应力、高岩温和高水压条件下岩石强流变、强扰动等特点,以破岩与围岩控制技术、高效排渣技术、装备钻进与支撑技术的“三位一体”协同控制为核心,将重点攻克:①深部破岩机理和井帮围岩控制理论研究,以及辅助机械破岩的高效破岩技术;②多相流流动理论研究,优化多相比、提升高度、多相流速等参数,建立低能耗高效循环排渣模式;③围岩智能感知、判识与精准钻进轨迹的智能化控制理论研究,开发深部地层钻进多信息融合的钻机自适应钻进技术。为解决机械破岩、多相流循环排渣、钻井智能推进3者之间的协调性和匹配性问题,从基础理论分析、装备性能、工艺研究3个方面,构建了机械破岩科学钻井参数动态优化设计体系,基于以上机械化全断面钻井技术和装备现有条件和尚待攻克难题的梳理,为国家千米级竖井全断面钻进成套技术与装备的开发与升级提供借鉴。The full-section drilling technology of kilometer-level vertical shaft is an important technical support for deep mine development.Focusing on the theme of mechanical efficient rock breaking and intelligent safe drilling,this paper expounds the research progress of mechanical rock breaking drilling equipment and unmanned drilling,reviews the technology,process and equipment system of mechanical rock breaking scientifically drilling composed of three kinds of drilling rigs:vertical shaft drilling machine,vertical shaft driving machine and reverse shaft drilling machine,and summarizes rock breaking,slag dis-charging,intelligent monitoring and control during the whole section scientific drilling of vertical shaft.Five core technologies of support and auxiliary drilling and 12 key technologies covered by them are put forward,and the key technical problems,scientific problems and research and development ideas that need to be solved in the whole section mechanical rock breaking drilling of kilometer-level shaft are put forward.According to the characteristics of strong rheology and strong disturbance of formation rock under the condition of deep high stress,high rock temperature and high water pressure,taking the control technology of rock breaking and surrounding rock,high-efficiency slag removal technology,equipment drilling and support technology called“three in one”collaborative control technology as the core,the focusing points in future research will be①The deep rock breaking mechanism and the surrounding rock control theory of shaft wall,the high-efficiency rock breaking tech-nology of auxiliary mechanical rock breaking.②The multi-phase flow dynamic theory,optimization of multi comparison,lifting height,velocity and other parameters,establishment of low energy consumption and efficient circulation slag removal mode.③Research on the intelligent control theory of surrounding rock intelligent perception and identification and precise drilling trajectory,and development on the adaptive drilling technology

关 键 词：千米级竖井 破岩理论 竖井钻井 竖井钻机 反井钻机 竖井掘进机 

分 类 号：TD262[矿业工程—矿井建设]