重庆市基层精神卫生防治工作者职业倦怠现状调查及影响因素研究  

Study on the status and influencing factors of occupational burnout among primary level mental health workers in Chongqing

作　　者：程雪[1] 杨辉[1] 黄雪萍[1] 周小艳[1] 文晏[1] 范征莉[1] Cheng Xue;Yang Hui;Huang Xueping;Zhou Xiaoyan;Wen Yan;Fan Zhengli(Chongqing Mental Health Center,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市精神卫生中心,401147

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2020年第8期579-584,共6页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

基　　金：重庆市卫生计生委医学科研项目(2015HBRC012)。

摘　　要：目的探讨重庆市基层精神卫生防治工作者职业倦怠现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,从重庆市39个区县中随机选取18个区县(合川、巴南、涪陵、江北、荣昌、沙坪坝、巫溪、酉阳、云阳、万州、北碚、南岸、綦江、巫山、秀山、渝中、城口、九龙坡),其中分布于主城区5个、贫困地区7个及其他(既非主城区又非贫困地区)6个。将18个区县的基层精神卫生防治工作者(500名)全部作为调查对象。应用一般情况调查表及职业倦怠量表(MBI-GS)对其进行职业倦怠现状评估。职业倦怠与社会人口学变量的相关性研究应用Pearson双变量相关分析或Spearman等级相关分析,不同人口学特征职业倦怠比较采用协方差分析,职业倦怠影响因素分析采用多元线性回归。结果知情同意参加本研究并完成有效问卷者478名,有效率95.6%。(1)轻度职业倦怠者占41.0%(196例),中、重度职业倦怠者占59.0%(282例)。其中情绪衰竭中、重度者占68.8%(329例),玩世不恭中、重度者占48.3%(231例),成就感低落中、重度者占39.5%(189例)。(2)玩世不恭与精神卫生防治工作年限(r=-0.175)、文化程度(r=-0.332)均呈负相关,情绪衰竭与精神卫生防治工作年限(r=-0.163)、文化程度(r=-0.371)均呈负相关,成就感低落与文化程度呈明显负相关(r=-0.103),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。(3)精神卫生防治工作人员玩世不恭和情绪衰竭在不同婚姻状况(F=11.274、11.820)、居住情况方面(F=24.032、34.689)差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。(4)多元线性回归分析结果显示,未婚及再婚/离异/丧偶的婚姻状况是玩世不恭的危险因素(t=2.306、3.570,P<0.01),居住于主城区(t=-5.294,P<0.01)、高等教育文化程度(t=-4.398,P<0.01)、精防工作年限长(t=-2.430,P=0.015)是玩世不恭的保护因素;再婚/离异/丧偶的婚姻状况(t=4.063,P<0.01)及总工作年限长(t=2.710,P=0.007)及居住在其�Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of occupational burnout among primary level mental health workers in Chongqing.Methods By using the method of cluster random sampling,18 districts and counties(Hechuan,Banan,Fuling,Jiangbei,Rongchang,Shapingba,Wuxi,Youyang,Yunyang,Wanzhou,Beibei,Nan'an,Qijiang,Wushan,Xiushan,Yuzhong,Chengkou,Jiulongpo)were randomly selected from 39 districts and counties in Chongqing city.18 districts and counties includes 5 main urban areas,7 poverty-stricken areas and 6 other areas(neither main urban areas nor poverty-stricken areas).All 500 primang mental health workers in 18 districts and counties were investigated.The general situation questionnaire and occupational burnout scale(MBI-GS)were used to evaluate the status of occupational burnout of workers.Pearson bivariate correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation between occupational burnout and sociodemographic variables.Co-variance analysis was used to compare occupational burnout with different demographic characteristics,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational burnout.Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,478 of 500 primary mental health workers who had informed consent to participate in the study and completed the effective questionnaire,the effective rate was 95.6%.(1)Among the 478 mental health workers,41.0%(196 cases)were mild occupational burnout,59.0%(282 cases)were moderate and severe occupational burnout.Among them,68.8%(329 cases)were emotional exhaustion,48.3%(231 cases)were cynical,39.5%(189 cases)were low sense of achievement.(2)Cynicism was negatively correlated with working years(r=-0.175)and education level(r=-0.332).Emotional exhaustion was negatively correlated with working years(r=-0.163)and education level(r=-0.371).Low sense of achievement was negatively correlated with education level(r=-0.103).The differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05).(3)The differenc

关 键 词：职业倦怠 基层 精神卫生防治 调查 

分 类 号：R192.9[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]