Statistical mechanics of a nonequilibrium steady-state classical particle system driven by a constant external force  

作　　者：Jie Yao Yanting Wang 姚婕;王延颋(CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,55 East Zhongguancun Road,PO Box 2735,Beijing,100190 China;School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,19A Yuquan Road,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,Institute of Theoretical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,55 East Zhongguancun Road,PO Box 2735,Beijing,100190 China [2]School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,19A Yuquan Road,Beijing 100049,China

出　　处：《Communications in Theoretical Physics》2020年第11期104-108,共5页理论物理通讯（英文版）

基　　金：funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA17010504);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11774357,11947302)。

摘　　要：A classical particle system coupled with a thermostat driven by an external constant force reaches its steady state when the ensemble-averaged drift velocity does not vary with time.In this work,the statistical mechanics of such a system is derived solely based on the equiprobability and ergodicity principles,free from any conclusions drawn on equilibrium statistical mechanics or local equilibrium hypothesis.The momentum space distribution is determined by a random walk argument,and the position space distribution is determined by employing the equiprobability and ergodicity principles.The expressions for energy,entropy,free energy,and pressures are then deduced,and the relation among external force,drift velocity,and temperature is also established.Moreover,the relaxation towards its equilibrium is found to be an exponentially decaying process obeying the minimum entropy production theorem.

关 键 词：nonequilibrium steady state constant external force DISSIPATION statistical mechanics 

分 类 号：O414.2[理学—理论物理]