1~6岁儿童饮食行为问题的发生情况及影响因素分析  

Incidence of eating problems and related factors in children aged 1-6 years

作　　者：纪文静[1] 杜娟[1] 李雪玲 刘雅静 梁爱民[1] Ji Wenjing;Du Juan;Li Xueling;Liu Yajing;Liang Aimin(Department of Health,Beijing Children’s Hospital,Capital Medical University,National Center for Children’s Health,Beijing 100045,China;Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shunyi District,Beijing 101300,China)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院保健中心,北京100045 [2]北京市顺义区妇幼保健院,101300

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2020年第11期1818-1823,共6页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：北京市医院管理中心儿科学科协同发展中心专项经费 (XTZD20180404)。

摘　　要：目的了解1~6岁儿童饮食行为问题的发生情况及相关影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2019年6-12月从北京市顺义区抽取2个社区卫生服务中心和2个幼儿园,将其管辖的所有1~6岁儿童进行问卷调查,收集儿童及家庭基本情况、饮食行为问题的发生率及相关因素等数据,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析儿童不良饮食行为问题的相关影响因素。结果共回收有效问卷2391例,其中存在至少1种饮食行为问题的儿童1432例(59.9%)。最常见的饮食行为问题为进食时注意力不集中(48.8%),然后依次为进食位置不固定(14.0%)、挑食(13.0%)、进食时间过长(11.2%)、零食过多(9.0%)、汤泡饭(4.6%)。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示,母亲文化程度、家庭年收入、主要看护人、家长对儿童进食的态度是儿童饮食行为问题的相关影响因素。母亲文化程度高(OR=0.528,95%CI:0.431~0.647)、家庭年收入高(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.473~0.909)是儿童不良饮食行为的保护因素;祖父母/外祖父母看护(OR=1.366,95%CI:1.151~1.622)、靠哄骗/强制引导儿童进食的态度(OR=1.581,95%CI:1.284~1.947)是儿童不良饮食行为的危险因素。结论1~6岁儿童饮食行为问题的发生率高,应重视对儿童家庭尤其是低年收入、低文化程度及祖父母/外祖父母看护家庭的干预指导,以降低儿童饮食行为问题的发生。Objective To analyze the incidence of eating problems and risk factors in children aged 1-6 years,and provide evidence for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies.Methods From June to December 2019,two community health service centers and two kindergartens were randomly selected in Shunyi district of Beijing by using stratified random cluster sampling method.Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect data on individual information,family information,and the incidence of eating problems and related factors.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify related factors.Results A total of 2391 valid questionnaires were returned,the analysis result indicated that 1432 children had at least one eating behavior problem,the incidence rate was 59.9%.The most common eating problem was inattention while eating(48.8%),followed by irregular eating position(14.0%),picky eaters(13.0%),excessive eating time(11.2%),excessive snacks intake(9.0%),and soup with rice(4.6%).The mother’s education level,family income level,main caregivers and family members’attitudes toward child’s eating were related factors for eating behavior problems in children.Mothers with high education level(OR=0.528,95%CI:0.431-0.647)and family with high income level(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.473-0.909)were the protective factors for child’s poor eating behaviors.Grandparent caring(OR=1.366,95%CI:1.151-1.622),coaxing or forcing child to eat(OR=1.581,95%CI:1.284-1.947)were the risk factors for child’s poor eating behavior.Conclusion The incidence of eating problems was high in children aged 1-6 years.It is necessary to strengthen the intervention in families with low-income and low-education levels and children raised by grandparents to reduce the incidence of poor eating behaviors in children.

关 键 词：饮食行为问题 儿童 流行病学 家庭特征 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]