掺杂光敏物质用于降低火工药剂激光发火阈值研究进展  

Research Progress on Optical Sensitizers for Reducing Laser Ignition Threshold of Explosives

作　　者：冯长根[1] 刘柳[1,2] 覃文志[2] 周阳[2] 何碧[2] 甘强[1] FENG Changgen;LIU Liu;QIN Wenzhi;ZHOU Yang;HE Bi;GAN Qiang(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《兵工学报》2020年第11期2347-2361,共15页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术重点实验室自主课题项目(YBKT18-05)。

摘　　要：在激光火工品研究领域,掺杂光敏物质是降低火工药剂发火阈值的核心技术之一。主要围绕近年来激光点火/起爆药剂研究中的光敏物质,包括炭黑、碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯、近红外吸收染料、金属纳米颗粒,梳理了各自的结构与光学特性之间的构效关系,归纳总结了掺杂光敏物质在火工药剂中用于激光点火研究取得的重要进展,分析了掺杂浓度、掺杂方式对发火性能影响的基本规律。通过对比发火阈值获得了光敏效果的初步排序,即以金纳米棒为首的金属纳米颗粒的光敏效果最佳,炭黑、碳纳米管、碳纳米粉、近红外吸收染料相继次之,并且建议未来需加强激光点火和材料研究领域交叉融合,提高研究系统性、普适性、可比性。Doping non-primary explosives with optical sensitizers is a key technique to reduce ignition threshold for laser pyrotechnics.The paper mainly focuses on the various types of new optical sensitizers in laser ignited and initiated non-primary explosives,including carbon black,carbon nanotube,graphene oxide,near-infrared absorbing dye and metal nanoparticles.The regular relationships among structure and optical properties of these optical sensitizers are summarized,the key advances in laser ignition of non-primary explosives doped with optical sensitizers are reviewed,the effects of doping concentration and doping method on ignition performance are analyzed,and the doping efficiencies are also evaluated by comparing the ignition thresholds.Gold nanorods as a typical metal nanoparticle has the highest doping efficiency,followed by carbon black,carbon nanotube,and near-infrared absorbing dye.It is suggested that the multidisciplinary research needs to be strengthened,and more systematic,universal and comparable studies are also needed.

关 键 词：火工药剂 激光点火 掺杂技术 光敏物质 炸药 金纳米颗粒 

分 类 号：TJ450.32[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]