鲁中南山区松树人工林近自然经营效果分析  

Application impacts analysis on natural forestry management for pine plantation in central and southern mountainous area of Shandong province

作　　者：凌春辉 张明忠[2] 吕桂云 崔浩然 颜攀 韦业 刘胜元 马风云 王华田[1,2] 刘秀梅 马玲[5] LING Chun-hui;ZHANG Ming-zhong;LYU Gui-yun;CUI Hao-ran;YAP Pan;WEI Ye;LIU Sheng-yuan;MA Feng-yun;WANG Hua-tian;LIU Xiu-mei;MA Ling(State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China;College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China;Yangxin Vocational School in Shandong Province,Binzhou 251800,Shandong,China;Shanghai Environment College,Shanghai 200135,China;Territotial Space Data and Remote Sensing Technology Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东省阳信县职业中等专业学校,山东滨州251800 [4]上海市环境学校,上海200135 [5]山东省国土空间数据遥感技术中心,山东济南250002

出　　处：《山东大学学报（理学版）》2020年第11期8-17,共10页Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：森林质量精准提升工程暨森林经营样板基地建设项目(鲁林造2017-2020-1);山东省农业科技资金项目(林业科技创新2019LY004)。

摘　　要：近自然抚育作业于徂徕山林场、泰山林场和明光寺林场进行,采用目标树抚育作业方式,对不同林分进行间伐处理,时长分别为2、10和3年。结果表明,与对照相比,抚育处理后林分平均胸径、树高和冠幅较对照提高3.13%~12.89%、3.03%~8.91%和2.75%~25.91%;林分生长速度加快,保留木的胸径、树高和冠幅年生长量分别提高21.43%~66.67%、9.21%~26.15%和64.29%~300%;林下灌木层植物种类增多,出现侧柏、臭椿等喜光物种;油松纯林和松栎混交林中草本植物多样性改善,Simpson、Shannon-wiener和Gleason指数分别提高0.95%~1.93%、5.33%~10.43%和4.67%~18.18%,马唐、大油芒、羊胡子草等植物重要值提高;另外,抚育间伐后林下土壤pH提高0.77%~3.78%,土壤容重降低5.48%~12.68%;同时,过氧化氢酶、土壤磷酸酶、土壤蔗糖酶、土壤脲酶活性较对照分别提高6.74%~29.33%、4.79%~4.99%、2.13%~10.34%和1.25%~25.56%。近自然抚育间伐在一定程度上可以促进林分生长量积累、丰富林下植物多样性、改善林下土壤质量。The near-natural management experiments were carried out at three forestry stations of Culaishan,Taishan and Mingguangsi,with long-time thinning possesses of 2,10 and 3 years,respectively.The results revealed that:(1)The effects of thinning management could promote the seedling growth compared to the controlled treatment(CK),the main height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and canopy diameter increased by 3.13%-12.89%,3.03%-8.91%and 2.75%-25.91%,respectively.Similarly,the annual mean diameter of residual trees height,DBH and diameter of canopy also improved by 21.43%-66.67%,9.21%-26.15%and 64.29%-300%when suffered to near-natural processing.(2)The intermediate cutting changed the canopy gap,led to a decrease in crown closure.On the contrary,it caused an increase in plant species of shrub layer especially for the light-loving plants like Platycladus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima.Consistently,it could contribute to the herbs diversity,which caused improvements of diversity indexes like Simpson,Shannon-wiener and Gleason in pure pine stand and mixed pine-oak forest compared with that in CK.At the same time,the important values of Digitaria sanguinalis,Spodiopogon sibiricus and Carex rigescens elevated.(3)The tending measurement resulted in an improvement of soil pH,and a decrease of bulk density.As well,it had a potential to accelerate the nutrient metabolism for the increasing enzyme activities of catalase,phosphatase,sucrase and urease,which increased by 6.74%-29.33%,4.79%-4.99%,2.13%-10.34%and 1.25%-25.56%,respectively.It could be seen that the tending operation could benefit to the stand growth,enrich the undergrowth diversity,also improve the soil quality in different stand conditions.

关 键 词：人工林 近自然经营 森林抚育 营林效果 目标树 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]