青稞联合收获机脱粒碎芒装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of granulation awn-broken device of the highland barley joint harvester

作　　者：张仕林 戴飞 赵武云 田斌 陈邦善 瞿江飞 Zhang Shilin;Dai Fei;Zhao Wuyun;Tian Bin;Chen Bangshan;Qu Jiangfei(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,730070,China;Songtianbao Machine Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi,214028,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州市730070 [2]无锡松田豹机械科技有限公司,江苏无锡214028

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第11期18-25,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0701805)。

摘　　要：针对目前青稞联合收获过程中秸秆含芒率高、芒杆长度高,以及现有脱粒滚筒无法对芒杆倒刺进行有效处理的现状,设计一种青稞联合收获机脱粒碎芒装置,整机主要部件包括机架、脱粒滚筒、凹板、风机、筛箱、滚筒盖及传动系统。通过选择不同脱粒元件,计算和确定其结构参数与排列形式,以增加滚筒对芒杆内表面倒刺的揉搓能力,同时在凹板处设置碎芒板条,在保证籽粒脱净率前提下,有效提高了脱粒滚筒的碎芒率。运用ABAQUS软件对整机机架振动特性进行有限元仿真,对比固有频率与外部激励频率变化趋势,保证脱粒装置作业时无共振现象发生。得出在极限工况条件下,滚筒最大变形量为1.02 mm,满足设计要求。田间性能试验表明:籽粒破碎率为0.11%、含杂率为5.27%、脱净率为87.49%、秸秆含芒率为5.86%、碎芒率为93.15%,各项指标均满足相应标准要求,秸秆中所含芒杆内表面倒刺去除效果明显,有效提高青稞秸秆饲草的食用适口性。本研究为青稞机械化联合收获、脱粒及芒杆处理提供应用实例和技术参考。In view of the current situation of high awn content,the high length of the awn,as well as the current threshing cylinder cannot deal with the plenty of barb of the awn effectively during the process of highland barley joint harvest.A threshing and separating device of wheat joint harvester has been designed,and the main components of the whole machine include racks,threshing cylinder,concave plates,blower,sieve box,roller lids and transmission systems.Selecting different threshing components,calculating and determining their structural parameters and arrangement form,to increase the threshing cylinder s ability of rub barbs at inner surface of the awn.Under the premise of ensuring the threshing rate of grain,setting up the awn-broken board at concave,effectively improve the awn-broken rate of the threshing cylinder.Using ABAQUS software,the finite element simulation of the vibration characteristics of the whole frame is used to compare the trend of natural frequency with the external excitation frequency,so as to ensure that no resonance occurs during the operation.It is concluded that under the condition of extreme operating conditions,the maximum deformation volume of the threshing cylinder is 1.02 mm,which meets the design requirements.The results of the field test show that when the operating speed is maintained at 5.0 km/h,the combine harvester of highland barley in the various operational indicators:the average crushing rate is 0.11%,and the average hybrid rate is 5.27%,the threshing rate of grain is 87.49%,the awn rate of the grass straw is 5.86%,the rate of awn-breaking of the whole machine was 93.15%,The effect of barbs removal at internal faces of awn is obvious,which effectively improves the edible mouth feel of straw fodder of highland barley.This study provides application examples and technical references for the combined harvesting,threshing device and awn treatment of highland barley.

关 键 词：青稞 脱粒滚筒 模态分析 联合收获机 青稞芒杆 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]