耕作方式对土壤物理性状和木薯干物质分配的影响  

Effects of tillage options on soil physical properties and cassava-dry-matter partitioning

作　　者：Priscila Gonzales Figueiredo Silvio JoséBicudo Songbi Chen Adalton Mazetti Fernandes F bio Yomei Tanamati Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou-Fondjo 杨雅婷 Priscila Gonzales Figueiredo;Silvio JoséBicudo;Songbi Chen;Adalton Mazetti Fernandes;F bio Yomei Tanamati;Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou-Fondjo(Departments of Production and Plant Breeding and Horticulture,College of Agricultural Sciences,S o Paulo State University(FCA-UNESP),P.O.Box 237,18610-307 Botucatu,SP,Brazil;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(CATAS),Baodao Xincun,571737 Danzhou,Hainan,China;Centro de Raízes e Amidos Tropicais(CERAT)/UNESP,P.O.Box 237,18610-307 Botucatu,SP,Brazil;Universitéde YaoundéI,P.O.Box 1664,Cameroona)

机构地区：[1]圣保罗州立大学农业科学学院园艺生产和作物育种系,博图卡图,巴西18610-307 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州,中国571737 [3]热带作物根茎作物研究中心,博图卡图,巴西18610-307 [4]雅温得第一大学,喀麦隆1664 [5]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第11期193-200,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：巴西高等教育协同发展基金。

摘　　要：保护性耕作可有效缓解土壤退化,但是也会影响土壤物理性质,使土壤板结,进而影响作物根系生长,因此木薯生产几乎不采用保护性耕作措施。本研究目的在于探索完整木薯生长周期内,不同耕作方式对木薯干物质分配(Dry material partitioning,DMP)变化的影响。本文对木薯种植后70 d、120 d、230 d、350 d,少耕(Minimum tillage,MT)、传统耕作(Conventional tillage,CT)、不耕(No-tillage,NT)3种耕作方式对土壤水分含量、土壤穿透阻力、大孔隙度、小孔隙度、总孔隙度的影响进行研究;同时,每30 d测定木薯植株中的干物质含量,直到360 d收获结束。结果表明,耕作方式对土壤穿透阻力、大孔隙度、小孔隙度和总孔隙度,以及木薯叶片、茎秆、根系和残留种茎中的干物质含量均有影响。种植后150~210 d之间,干物质分配变化显著,这正好对应了块茎膨大期后期和休眠期早期。不耕(NT)处理下作物的茎秆和残留种茎干物质含量最大。地上部分干物质与土壤穿透阻力呈正相关。传统耕作(CT)和少耕(MT)对块茎产量的影响没有差异,因此,考虑到耕作对土壤流失有一定的促进作用,少耕(MT)应当取代传统耕作(CT)。不耕(NT)处理提高了土壤的穿透阻力,阻碍了根系的生长,进而引起了木薯茎秆和残留种茎中的干物质积累明显高于根系中的干物质积累,使得茎秆和残留种茎表现出一定的碳水化合物储藏器官特性。Conservation tillage is efficient at reducing soil degradation,but affects soil physical properties,andleads to soil compaction,negatively impacting root production,and so it is rarely adopted by cassavacultivators.The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry-matter partitioning(DMP)during a fullcassava season under different tillage methods.The effects of minimum tillage(MT),conventional tillage(CT)and no-tillage(NT)on soil water content,soil penetration resistance,macroporosity,microporosityand total porosity were evaluated at 70,120,230,300 and 350 days after planting(DAP).Additionally,the DMP in cassava plants was evaluated every 30 days until 360 DAP at Botucatu,Brazil on an Alfisolsoil.Our result revealed that the tillage type affected soil penetration resistance,macroporosity andtotal porosity as well as the dry matter content(DMC)on cassava leaf,stem,root and planted cutting.No significant difference was observed in total DMC.However,DMP differed significantly between 150 and 210 DAP,corresponding respectively to the root-thickening phase end and the dormancy phasebeginning.The highest DMC of stem and planted cutting was observed in NT-developed plants.ShootDMC was positively correlated with soil penetration resistance.CT and MT did not differ in root yield;hence,MT should be adopted instead of CT,as an effort to control soil erosion.NT increases the soilpenetration resistance,and results in greater accumulation of DM in the stem and planted cutting thanin the roots.Data suggest that increased soil penetration resistance under NT can decrease cassava rootgrowth and induce the stem and planted cutting to play the role of storage organs.

关 键 词：木薯 少耕 传统耕作 不耕 

分 类 号：S533:[农业科学—作物学]