伊壁鸠鲁学派的自由意志与哲学治疗探析  

On the Free Will and Philosophical Treatment of Epicurus School

作　　者：邵风 SHAO Feng(Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《东莞理工学院学报》2020年第6期1-5,共5页Journal of Dongguan University of Technology

摘　　要：伊壁鸠鲁学派认为哲学是为了治疗人的灵魂。为了说明治疗的可能性,需要为人的灵魂开辟一个不受必然性控制的自由空间。伊壁鸠鲁学派通过原子偏斜为自由意志的存在提供了理论可能。在解释原子偏斜与自由意志之间的关系这一问题上存在两种思路。一种思路认为需要在原子偏斜的基础上设定一个独立的自由意志,另一种思路则认为原子偏斜本身即是自由意志。第二种思路更值得辩护,这种思路下的自由意志并不要求原子自身对于自己的偏斜拥有完全意义上的控制能力。哲学作为治疗术需要借助论证来培养人的明智和德性。但由于原子偏斜的顽固性,人并不能仅仅依靠哲学论证来获得灵魂的无纷扰,还需要强力。在强力的作用下,人事实上又会逐渐失去自己的自由意志,变得迷信和盲从,这是伊壁鸠鲁式治疗法所面对的根本困境。Epicurean school believes that philosophy is to cure human soul.In order to illustrate the possibility of treatment,it is necessary to open up a free space for human soul which is not controlled by necessity.Epicurean school provides theoretical possibility for the existence of free will through atomic deflection.There are two ways to explain the relationship between atomic skewness and free will.One thought is that an independent free will should be set up on the basis of atomic skewness,and the other is that atomic deflection itself is free will.The second way of thinking is more worthy of defense,under which the free will does not require the atom itself to have complete control over its deflection.Philosophy,as a therapeutic technique,needs to cultivate people’s wisdom and virtue with the help of argumentation.However,due to the obstinacy of atomic skewness,man can not only rely on philosophical argument to obtain the undisturbed soul,but also needs strength.Under the strong influence,people will gradually lose their free will and become superstitious and blindly following.This is the fundamental dilemma faced by Epicurean therapy.

关 键 词：伊壁鸠鲁 自由意志 哲学治疗 

分 类 号：D502.31[政治法律—政治学]