主权争议与英国维护海外战略据点的策略——以马尔维纳斯(福克兰)群岛和直布罗陀为中心  

The Sovereignty Disputes and Strategies of British Maintaining Overseas Strategic Points——Centred on the Malvinas(Falkland)Islands and Gibraltar

作　　者：张炜[1] 崔璨 ZHANG Wei;CUI Can(不详)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100101 [2]河北大学图书馆,保定071002

出　　处：《北方论丛》2021年第1期147-156,共10页The Northern Forum

摘　　要：在二战后英帝国渐趋解体的过程中,马尔维纳斯(福克兰)群岛和直布罗陀在分别面对阿根廷和西班牙要求主权的压力下,依然作为英国重要的海外战略据点,受到有效控制和维护。这主要得益于英国运用多种策略,特别是以“民族自决权”为主轴,利用当地居民的诉求以模糊主权争议焦点。在此基础上,英国借法律法规空白或模糊之处以扩大领土领海;借改变属地名称、居民身份地位以淡化殖民色彩;借加大经济扶持开发力度以增强经济价值;在极端情况下不惜动用武力。这些策略导致上述两地的主权争议长期被搁置,并为偏向英方的当地政权提供了更大的政治经济发展空间。During the gradual disintegration of the British empire after the Second World War,the Malvinas(Falkland)Islands and Gibraltar,under the pressure from Argentina and Spain to claim sovereignty respectively,were still important overseas strategic points of the United Kingdom,which were effectively controlled and maintained.This is mainly due to Britain's use of various strategies,especially the right of nations of self-determination as the main axis,and the use of local residents'demands to obscure the focus of the sovereignty disputes.On this basis,the UK extended its territory and territorial waters by means of blank or vague laws and regulations,diluted the colonial color by changing the name of the territory and its residents’status,increased economic support for development to enhance economic value.In some extreme circumstances,the UK is willing to use force to protect its interests.These strategies resulted in the long-term shelving of the sovereignty disputes between the related countries,and provided greater political and economic development space for the local authorities in favor of the British side.

关 键 词：主权争议 民族自决权 马尔维纳斯(福克兰)群岛 直布罗陀 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—世界史]