《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)实施情况公众调查  

A Public Survey of Implementation of Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006)

作　　者：高圣华[1] 赵灿[1] 韩嘉艺[1] 张振伟 叶必雄[1] 张岚 GAO Shenghua;ZHAO Can;HAN Jiayi;ZHANG Zhenwei;YE Bixiong;ZHANG Lan

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所 [2]中华医学会杂志社《中华预防医学杂志》编辑部

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2020年第5期505-509,共5页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家“十三五”水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项:城市供水全过程监管技术系统评估及标准化(2018ZX07502001);中国—世界卫生组织2014~2015双年度合作项目。

摘　　要：目的通过对我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006,以下简称《标准》)实施情况的调查和分析,了解和掌握公众对《标准》的知晓程度、公众对饮用水卫生安全问题的关注情况以及《标准》宣贯的实际效果。方法在全国范围内按照华北、东北、华东、中南、西南、西北6大区域兼顾的原则选择北京、河北等12个省份(直辖市)开展调查,对省份(直辖市)、城市(区)和社区进行分层抽样,对公众开展问卷调查,数据分析采用卡方检验和秩和检验。结果受访并获得有效问卷的1 648人中,1 156人听说过《标准》,约占总人数的70.1%。根据我国人口受教育程度进行加权折算后,《标准》的知晓率约为64.7%。不同年龄和不同学历在《标准》知晓率、《标准》了解途径等方面存在显著性差异(χ2分别为19.09和19.53,P <0.05)。57.0%的受访者表示了解或非常了解当地自来水水质情况。不同学历在水质了解程度方面存在显著性差异(χ2=9.578,P<0.05)。受访者最关注的水质指标是微生物指标(86.0%),最关注的饮用水卫生安全问题是健康影响(95.6%)。结论《标准》实施以来,通过政府及卫生机构的大力宣传,公众对《标准》的知晓率较高。需要进一步加强宣贯工作,优化宣传内容和形式,促进饮水安全。Objective To investigate public awareness of Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),public concern about hygienic problems of drinking water,and the effects of promotion and implementation of the‘Standards’.Methods Twelve provinces(municipalities)including Beijing and Hebei were selected from six regions of China—North China,Northeast China,East China,South Central China,Southwest China,and Northwest China.The survey applied stratified sampling by province(municipality),city(district),and community.The chi-square test and rank sum test were used for data analysis.Results Among 1648 respondents who returned valid questionnaires,1156 knew of the‘Standards’,accounting for 70.1%of the total respondents.After weight conversion by the education level of Chinese population,the awareness rate of the‘Standards’was about 64.7%.There were significant differences in the awareness rates and ways to know the‘Standards’among different aged groups and among different educational backgrounds(χ2=19.09,19.53,P<0.05).Fifty-seven percent of the respondents answered that they had some(or much)understanding of local tap water quality.There was a significant difference in the level of understanding of water quality among different educational backgrounds(χ2=9.578,P<0.05).The most concerned water quality index was microorganism index(86.0%),and the most concerned hygienic issue about drinking water was its impact on health(95.6%).Conclusion The public has a high awareness rate of the‘Standards’through the strong publicity from the governments and health institutions.The authorities should further strengthen the promotion and implementation of the‘Standards’,improve promotional contents and forms to promote the safety of drinking water.

关 键 词：饮用水 卫生标准 实施 公众调查 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]