普通高校本科专业结构调整优化建议  

Suggestions on adjustment and optimization of the struture of undergraduate speciality in colleges and universities

作　　者：张丽娜[1] ZHANG Lina(Development Planning Office, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院发展规划处,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《中原工学院学报》2020年第5期86-90,共5页Journal of Zhongyuan University of Technology

基　　金：2020年河南省教育综合改革重点项目(教发规[2020]329号)。

摘　　要：普通高校本科专业设置应坚持需求导向、标准导向和特色导向。目前,本科专业结构动态调整存在4大问题:部分新增专业论证不足,跟风现象严重;部分专业缺乏整合;专业动态取舍缺乏依据,阻力重重;专业地方特色不够明显,现有专业与地方经济发展的契合度较低。针对这些问题提出了以下建议:根据国家和地方经济发展预期确定招生规模、制定培养方案;稳步推进按类招生,打破跨学科专业发展的机制障碍;以大数据为基础,建立并完善基于招生、培养和就业联动的专业调整、升级和退出机制;试行“退一进一”或“退二进一”的新老专业迭代机制。The setting of undergraduate specialities in colleges and universities should be demand-oriented,standard-oriented and characteristic-oriented.At present,there are four major problems in the dynamic adjustment of undergraduate specialty structure.First,some newly added specialities are not fully demonstrated but are accepted by universities as a trend.Second,some specialities need to be integrated.Third,evidence for setting up or canceling a certain major is insufficient and dynamic adjustment of specialities is difficult.Fourth,the specialities are not localized and can’t fit into local economic development.In view of these problems,the following suggestions are put forward.First,determine the enrollment scale and formulate the training scheme according to the national and local economic development expectations.Second,promote enrollment by category steadily and break the institutional barriers of interdisciplinary professional development.Third,based on the big data,establish and improve the mechanism of professional adjustment,upgrading and cancellation according to the linkage of enrollment,training and employment.Fourth,practise a substitution mechanism of the new and old specialites,such as“cancel an old major,then set up a new one”or“cancle two old majors,then set up a new one”.

关 键 词：专业结构 动态取舍 管理创新 优化建议 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学]