休闲区隔:中国居民休闲参与的社会分层机制及其代际差异研究  

Leisure Distinction:The Social Stratification Mechanism and its Intergenerational Difference of Chinese Residents’Leisure Participation

作　　者：周琭璐 ZHOU Lulu(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000;Law and Public Management School,Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,武汉430000 [2]乐山师范学院法学与公共管理学院,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期17-36,共20页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD016);四川省科技厅软科学研究项目(2020JDR0242)。

摘　　要：社会经济变迁带来的休闲福利极大发展但未全面而均等地惠及全部居民,中国居民休闲参与中存在异质性与不均衡性。本研究以CGSS《中国综合社会调查》2015年的数据为样本进行实证分析,从社会先赋、家庭先赋与个人自致因素三个维度解析中国居民休闲参与的社会分层机制、考察休闲分层机制的特征,并纳入代际变量构建条件效应模型,以考察休闲分层机制的代际异质性。结果表明,中国居民的休闲频率与休闲类型受到社会分层因素的显著影响。总休闲频率受社会分层因素的显著影响,其中文体完善型休闲受社会分层因素的影响最大、阶层化属性强,消遣娱乐型休闲的阶层化属性次之,社交参与型休闲的阶层化属性弱。社会先赋因素中,女性休闲参与频率高于男性,但休闲类型的文化属性不高,城市户籍居民休闲参与显著高于农村户籍居民,东部地区文体完善型休闲频率最高,西部地区社交参与型休闲频率最高;家庭先赋因素中,父母社会阶层越高、受教育年限越长,个体休闲参与总频率越高、文体完善型休闲参与越积极;个人自致因素中,个体自评社会阶层越高、总体休闲参与越积极、各休闲类型间的差异度越小,个体受教育程度越高,总休闲参与频率越高、文体完善型休闲参与的差异更大。社会分层因素的影响在不同世代中发生转移、呈现异质性特征:传统社会先赋因素如性别、户籍身份的影响力由年长到年轻群体逐渐缩小,而区位因素如东中西部的差异、城乡差异的影响则由年长到年轻群体逐渐扩大;家庭先赋因素中,父辈社会地位因素的影响力代际递减、文化资本的影响力代际递增;个体自致因素的影响力代际递增,个人社会地位、受教育程度、收入的效力在青年群体中显著提高,表明休闲场域呈现出递增的社会开放性。研究结果提示我们关注中国休闲The great development of China’s leisure welfare brought by social and economic changes has not benefited all the residents entirely and equally.There is heterogeneity and imbalance in the leisure participation of Chinese residents.This study uses the data of CGSS(Chinese General Social Survey)in 2015 as a sample for empirical analysis to analyze the social stratification mechanism of Chinese residents'leisure participation and its characteristics from three dimensions:the social ascribed factors,the family ascribed factors and self-actualized factors.Furthermore,a conditional effect model is set up by taking the intergenerational variable into consideration to examine the intergenerational heterogeneity of leisure stratification mechanism.The results show that the leisure frequency and leisure type of Chinese residents are significantly affected by social stratification and the total leisure frequency is significantly affected by the social stratification factors,in which the culture and sports leisure is mostly affected by the social stratification factors and has a strong stratification attribute,the recreational leisure has a second stratification attribute and the social contact leisure has a weak stratification attribute.In the social ascribed factors,the leisure participation of men is less but has more cultural attribute than that of women.The leisure participation of urban residents is dramatically more and better than that of rural residents.The culture and sports leisure frequency of the eastern region is the highest,while the social contact leisure frequency of the western region is the highest.In the family ascribed factors,the higher social class the parents are from and the longer education experience they have,the more leisure participation and the more culture and sports leisure one will have.In the self-actualized factors,the higher the self-rated social class is,the more leisure participation and the smaller difference among the three leisure types will have.The higher education level is,the

关 键 词：中国居民 休闲参与 社会分层机制 代际差异 先赋因素 自致因素 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] F592[社会学]