通辽地区农田地膜残留污染现状分析及防治对策  

Present situation of the residue pollution of farmland mulch in Tongliao area and its control measures

作　　者：张福胜[1] 芦雪 姚影[1] 冯志国 ZHANG Fusheng;LU Xue;YAO Ying;FENG Zhiguo(Tongliao Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Tongliao 028000,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]通辽市农业技术推广站,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]内蒙古自治区农业技术推广站,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2020年第5期125-129,共5页Journal of Northern Agriculture

摘　　要：【目的】通过调查内蒙古通辽地区地膜的使用情况及残留现状,为通辽地区确定地膜合理用量及残膜污染治理提供参考。【方法】采用问卷调查和典型地块采样的方法,对通辽地区2015—2019年土壤地膜使用情况和残留现状进行调查分析。【结果】2015—2019年通辽地区覆膜面积和地膜使用量基本呈下降趋势,由13.24万hm^2、0.69万t降至6.65万hm^2、0.35万t;2019年开鲁县红干椒地块土壤地膜残留量为5.82~88.90 kg/hm^2,其中2个点位地膜残留量大于75.00 kg/hm^2,地膜残留对农作物生长构成一定危害;科尔沁左翼中旗甜菜地块土壤地膜残留量为12.24~23.45 kg/hm^2,土壤地膜残留量对农作物生长影响较小。【结论】覆膜年限和残膜回收技术是影响地膜残留量的重要因素之一,覆膜时间越长残留量越高,残膜回收技术越好残留量越少。防治对策是从源头上控制地膜用量,采取推广使用新标准地膜以及可替代技术、完善地膜回收利用补偿制度等措施。【Objective】By investigating the usage and residual status of plastic film in Tongliao area of Inner Mongolia,to provide reference for the reasonable usage of plastic film and the pollution control of residual film in Tongliao area.【Methods】Using the way of questionnaire and sampling in typical splots,the use and residue status of soil plastic film in Tongliao area from 2015 to 2019 were investigated and analyzed.【Results】From 2015 to 2019,the mulching area and the amount of plastic film used in Tongliao area decreased from 132400 hm^2 and 6900 tons to 66500 hm^2 and 3500 tons;in 2019,the residual amount of plastic film on chili field in Kailu County was 5.82-88.90 kg/hm^2,of which,the residual amount of plastic film at 2 sites was more than 75.00 kg/hm^2,which was harmful to crop growth;the residual amount of plastic film of sugarbeet in Horqin Zuoyi Middle Banner was 12.24-23.45 kg/hm^2,which had little effect on the growth of crops.【Conclusion】The years of mulching and the recovery technology of plastic film are one of the important factors affecting the residual amount of plastic film.The longer the filming time,the higher the residual amount.The better the residual film recovery technology,the less the residual amount.In order to provide some reference for the use of plastic film and the recovery of residual film in Tongliao area,some countermeasures were put forward,such as source reduction,popularization and use of new standard film and alternative technology,and improvement of film recycling compensation system.

关 键 词：农田地膜 地膜残留量 防治对策 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]