组织工程尿道支架及其制备技术在尿道重建中的应用  

Application of tissue engineering urethral stent and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction

作　　者：陈杰 廖成成 赵红波 赵伟 陈智威 王彦 Chen Jie;Liao Chengcheng;Zhao Hongbo;Zhao Wei;Chen Zhiwei;Wang Yan(Department of Urology,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University(Zunyi First People’s Hospital),Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China;Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research,Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学第三附属医院(遵义市第一人民医院)泌尿外科,贵州省遵义市563000 [2]贵州省普通高等学校口腔疾病研究特色重点实验室,贵州省遵义市563000 [3]遵义医科大学康复医学教研室,贵州省遵义市563000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第22期3591-3596,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660121),项目负责人:王彦;贵州省2019年研究生科研基金[黔教合YJSCXJH(2019)087],项目负责人:廖成成。

摘　　要：背景:复杂性尿道狭窄是泌尿外科医生面临的棘手问题,基于组织工程技术的尿道重建有望成为治愈该疾病的有效方法。目的:综述近年来国内外关于组织工程尿道支架及其制备技术在尿道重建术中应用的研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和 PubMed 数据库2005至2020年的相关文献,中文检索词为“尿道重建;尿道支架”;英文检索词为“urethral reconstruction;urethral scaffold”,选择与尿道支架及其制备技术在尿道重建中应用方面相关的文章,并对各种类型的尿道支架材料及制造技术在尿道重建修复中应用的研究进行总结、整理和论述。结果与结论:脱细胞基质通常含有细胞黏附和分化所必需的生长因子,它们在尿道重建中可有效地模拟尿路上皮细胞外基质,进而有利于尿道组织的再生。天然衍生材料支架接种细胞后应用于修复尿道显示出很好的疗效。生物可降解合成支架具有足够的孔隙率并能支持细胞黏附、生长和增殖,且细胞外基质成分和生长因子等信号分子可以被结合到该支架结构中,所以该支架很可能成为未来临床广泛运用的首选支架。先进的制备技术将这些支架材料与细胞或信号分子结合制备出性能优良的尿道支架,从而促进尿道结构和功能的恢复。希望更多关于尿道支架的实验性研究能转化为临床应用,这些尿道支架能被真正运用于尿道狭窄的完全修复。BACKGROUND: Complicated urethral stricture is a difficult problem faced by urological surgeons, and urethral reconstruction based on tissue engineeringtechnology is expected to be an effective method to cure the disease.OBJECTIVE: To review recent research progress of tissue engineering urethral stent and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction.METHODS: With the keywords of “urethral reconstruction;urethral scaffold” in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search for articlespublished from 2005 to 2020 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. Articles addressing application of urethral scaffolds and its preparationtechnology in urethral reconstruction were selected, and the applications of various types of urethral scaffolds materials and manufacturing techniques inurethral reconstruction were summarized, organized and discussed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The acellular matrix usually contains growth factors necessary for cell adhesion and differentiation. They can effectively mimicthe extracellular matrix of the urothelium during urethral reconstruction, thereby benefiting the regeneration of urethral tissue. The natural-derived materialscaffold was used to repair the urethra after cell inoculation, and the result showed a good effect. The biodegradable synthetic scaffold has sufficient porosityand can support cell adhesion, growth and proliferation, and signal molecules such as extracellular matrix components and growth factors can be incorporatedinto the scaffold structure, so the scaffold is likely to be the first choice for clinical application in the future. Advanced manufacturing technology combinesthese scaffold materials with cells or signal molecules to prepare a urethral scaffold with excellent performance, thereby promoting the recovery of urethralstructure and function. It is hoped that more experimental studies on urethral stents can be transformed into clinical applications, and these urethral stents canbe used for the complete repair of urethral strictures.

关 键 词：材料 尿道重建 尿道支架 支架材料 组织工程 生物可降解材料 静电纺丝技术 3D打印技术 细胞片层技术 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318.08[医药卫生—临床医学]