城市哮喘患儿对食物过敏状况分析  

Analysis of food allergies in children with asthma in urban areas

作　　者：黄名寿 任静[1] 廖晓娇 康晓萍[2] HUANG Mingshou;REN Jing;LIAO Xiaojiao;KANG Xiaoping(Mianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Department of Pediatrics,Mianyang Children′s Hospital,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China;Department of Pediatrics,Mianyang Central Hospital,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省绵阳市妇幼保健院,四川省绵阳市儿童医院儿保科,四川绵阳621000 [2]四川省绵阳市中心医院儿科

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2020年第6期141-144,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探索城市哮喘患儿对食物过敏状况。方法选取2018年1月至2019年1月于绵阳市妇幼保健院接受治疗的1462例哮喘患儿作为观察组,选取同期于该院接受体检的1828名体检儿童作为对照组。统计常见食物过敏的种类及占比,统计两组研究对象出现临床症状的种类及占比。结果研究观察组共发现219例食物过敏儿童,患病率为14.98%,对照组共发现72例食物过敏儿童,患病率为3.94%(χ^2=5.036,P=0.024)。观察组花生过敏率显著高于对照组,水果过敏率明显低于对照组,数据对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组痒感、口唇黏膜红肿、喷嚏、休克临床症状发生率显著高于对照组,皮肤瘙痒、皮疹临床症状发生率明显低于对照组,数据对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论支气管哮喘患儿食物过敏患病率高于非支气管哮喘儿童,且支气管哮喘常见食物过敏种类及临床症状与非支气管哮喘儿童具有明显差异,临床医师可以根据儿童常见食物过敏种类及临床症状进行初步诊断。Objective To explore food allergies in children with asthma in urban areas.Methods A total of 1462 children with asthma who were treated in Mianyang Central Hospital of Sichuan Province from January 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled as the observation group,and 1,828 children who underwent physical examination in the same hospital at the same time were selected as the control group.The types and proportions of common food allergies were summarized and calculated,and the types and proportion of clinical symptoms in the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 219 children with food allergy were found in the observation group,and the prevalence rate was 14.98%.In the control group,72 children with food allergy were found,and the prevalence rate was 3.94%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ^2=5.036,P=0.024).The peanut allergy rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,while the fruit allergy rate was significantly lower than that in the control group.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of itch,lip and mucous membrane swelling,sneezing and shock were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group,while the incidence of skin itching and rash was significantly lower than that in the control group.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of food allergy in children with bronchial asthma is higher than that in non-bronchial asthma children,and the common food allergies and clinical symptoms of bronchial asthma are significantly different from those of non-bronchial asthma children.The clinicians can make a preliminary diagnosis based on the common food allergies and clinical symptoms of children.

关 键 词：城市哮喘 食物过敏 患病 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R562.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]