农业水价综合改革奖补机制研究以引丹灌区李楼镇为例  

Research on The Precise Subsidy and Water-saving Rewards Mechanism of Agricultural Water Price Comprehensive Reform--A Case Study of Lilou Town in Yindan Irrigation District

作　　者：潘少斌 刘路广 吴瑕 董苇 张建涛 陈绪勋 杨小伟 王剑 PAN Shao-bin;LIU Lu-guang;WU Xia;DONG Wei;ZHANG Jian-tao;CHEN Xu-xun;YANG Xiao-wei;WANG Jian(Hubei Water Resources Research Institute,Wuhan 430070;Hubei Water Saving Research Center, Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]湖北省水利水电科学研究院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省节水研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第12期37-40,45,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY202007);2020年度湖北省省直部门预算科研项目(P21800600002)。

摘　　要：精准补贴与节水奖励机制是农业水价综合改革的重要内容。为研究制定适用于项目区、并可在引丹灌区复制推广的农业水价综合改革奖补机制,针对李楼镇项目区计量设施无法计量到户的实际情况,以各行政村及用水大户作为奖补机制研究单元,提出了经验公式法、横向比较法等动态节水标准制定方法,构建了与执行水价挂钩的动态精准补贴机制以及“两部制”节水奖励机制,具有较强的可操作性和可复制性。经验公式法可作为项目区制定节水标准的主要方法,对于无降雨资料的项目区或经验公式偏差较大时可采用横向比较法确定节水标准或使用横向比较法对节水标准进行修正。精准补贴根据核定水价、执行水价和现行水价的相对关系适时动态调整补贴对象和补贴标准,以实现补贴精准。节水奖励分两部分进行,既对节约用水普遍奖励,又对节水成效显著的用水户重点奖励,可在奖补资金总量有限的情况下,更好地激励节约用水行为,提升农业节水意识。Precise subsidy and water-saving reward mechanism are important contents of agricultural water price comprehensive reform.In order to study and formulate a reward and subsidy mechanism for comprehensive reform of agricultural water price,which is suitable for the project area and can be replicated and promoted in the irrigation area of Yindan,this paper takes the actual situation that the measurement facilities in the project area of Lilou town cannot measure to the households,and takes each administrative village and large water users as the research unit of the reward and subsidy mechanism,puts forward the dynamic water-saving standard formulation methods such as empirical formula method and horizontal comparison method,and constructs and implements them.The dynamic precise subsidy mechanism of water price linkage and the“two-part”water-saving incentive mechanism have strong operability and reproducibility.The empirical formula method can be used as the main method to formulate the water-saving standard in the project area.For the project area without rainfall data or when the empirical formula has large deviation,the horizontal comparison method can be used to determine the water-saving standard modify the water-saving standard.According to the relative relationship between the approved water price,the implemented water price and the current water price,the subsidy object and subsidy standard can be adjusted dynamically to realize the accurate subsidy.Water saving reward is divided into two parts.It is not only a general reward for water saving,but also a key reward for water users with remarkable water-saving effect.It can better encourage water-saving behavior and enhance agricultural water-saving consciousness when the total amount of reward and compensation funds is limited.

关 键 词：农业水价综合改革 精准补贴 节水奖励 节水标准 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]