干旱胁迫下叶片逆向衰老小麦灌浆结实期农田水热状况研究  

Study on the Water and Heat Condition in Field of the Inverted Senescing Sequence Wheat Leaves at Milk-filling Stage under Drought Stress

作　　者：赵德豪 严菊芳[2] 史建国 杨怀茂 宁永培 李仪邦 苗芳[4] ZHAO De-hao;YAN Ju-fang;SHI Jian-guo;YANG Huai-mao;NING Yong-pei;LI Yi-bang;MIAO Fang(College of Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;College of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;College of Life Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第12期78-82,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31170366)。

摘　　要：为了揭示叶片逆向衰老小麦对干旱胁迫的适应机制,试验以自然天气条件下为对照,通过对旱棚内及对照气象要素和有关生理生态指标的测定,分析了干旱胁迫条件下逆向衰老小麦灌浆结实期的农田水热状况。结果表明:①逆向衰老小麦农田净辐射较正常衰老小麦偏低16.87~40.64 W/m2,t检验,二者差异不显著。②在0.2 m^2/3株高和2/3株高~冠顶,逆向衰老小麦的湍流热通量较正常衰老小麦分别偏低14.19~63.51 W/m2和28.54~85.83 W/m2;潜热通量较正常衰老小麦分别偏高28.87~47.93 W/m2和51.17~135.18 W/m2,t检验,二者差异显著(P<0.05)。③逆向衰老小麦农田的土壤热通量较正常衰老小麦偏低28.90~60.23 W/m2,经t检验,二者差异显著(P<0.05)。④逆向衰老小麦蒸腾速率高于正常衰老小麦,且在60 cm土层二者土壤湿度差异显著。在干旱胁迫条件下,逆向衰老小麦农田的水热分配创造出了较冷湿的小气候环境,有效地延缓了小麦生长后期植株的早衰。In order to reveal the adaptation mechanism of the inverted senescing sequence wheat leaves to drought stress,the experiment took natural weather conditions as control,through the determination of meteorological elements and related physiological and ecological indicators in dry sheds and control,the hydrothermal conditions of farmland in experimental material at milk-filling stage under the drought stress were analyzed.The results showed that:①The farmland net radiation of the inverted senescing sequence wheat leaves was 16.87~40.64 W/m2 lower than that of conventional leaf senescing sequences wheat,and the difference was not significant after t test.②The turbulent heat flux of the inverted senescing sequence wheat leaves was 14.19~63.51 W/m2 and 28.54~85.83 W/m2 lower than that of conventional leaf senescing sequences wheat,at 0.2 m^2/3 plant height and 2/3 plant height^crown;and the latent heat flux of reverse aging wheat was 28.87~47.93 W/m2 and 51.17~135.18 W/m2 higher than that of conventional leaf senescing sequences wheat,respectively.After t test,the difference was significant(P<0.05).③The soil heat flux of the inverted senescing sequence wheat leaves farmland was 28.90~60.23 W/m2 lower than that of conventional leaf senescing sequences wheat,and the difference was significant(P<0.05)by t test.④The transpiration rate of the inverted senescing sequence wheat leaves was higher than that of conventional leaf senescing sequences wheat,and the difference in soil moisture between the two treatments was significant at 60 cm of soil depth.Under drought stress,the water and heat distribution of the inverted senescing sequence wheat leaves farmland createed a relatively cold and humid microclimate environment,which effectively delayed the premature senescence of plants in the later stages of wheat growth.

关 键 词：小麦 叶片逆向衰老 干旱胁迫 水热效应 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]