国家在创新转型中的双重角色:创新理论视角下发展型国家兴衰对中国政策选择的启示  

Dual Role of the State in Transformation Towards Innovation:Lessons for China's Policy Choices from the Rise and Fall of Developmental States

作　　者：封凯栋[1,2] 姜子莹 Feng Kaidong;Jiang Ziying(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院 [2]北京大学政府管理学院公共政策系

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2020年第6期62-72,共11页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新型创新载体效率优势及其制度化整合机制研究”(项目编号:71673012)。

摘　　要：中国如何实现创新转型是新时期的重大议题,在当前国际形势下显得尤为重要。20世纪末,发展型国家的兴衰曾引发广泛的理论讨论,但学界的解释不尽如人意。文章批判那些简单地认为“国家在创新阶段不应参与经济活动、发展型国家模式已经衰落”的思潮,指出其在本质上将国家与工业互动的结构假定为是一成不变的。文章使用创新理论来辨析国家与工业互动机制的不同模式,指出国家与工业互动机制的僵化可能才是传统发展型国家衰落的根源。因此,转型的关键在于国家角色从指定工业战略目标的“领航员”变为协调创新系统的“乐队指挥”。与市场原教旨主义主张相反,转型涉及战略性资源配置的系统性调整,因而无法由市场或社群自发完成,而是需要国家利用危机窗口进行社会动员来推动。Realizing China’s innovation transformation is a major issue in the new era and gains increasing significance against the current international situation. At the end of the last century, the rise and fall of developmental states led to extensive theoretical discussion, but academic explanations were not satisfactory. This paper criticizes those thoughts that simply claim that "the state should not participate in economic activities at the stage of innovation, and the developmental state model has declined", and points out that these thoughts essentially assume that the structure of the interaction between the state and industry is static. By differentiating and analyzing different modes of the state-industry interaction mechanism with innovation theory, this paper proposes that the rigidity of the state-industry interaction mechanism should be the root of the decline of the traditional developmental states. Therefore, the key to the transformation towards innovation is that the role of the state should change from the "navigator" who sets industrial strategic goals to the "orchestrator" who coordinates the innovation system. Contrary to market fundamentalism, this paper argues that the transformation involves systematic adjustment of strategic resource allocation, so it cannot be completed spontaneously by the market or the community, but requires the state to promote social mobilization with the crisis window.

关 键 词：发展型国家 政企互动 创新阶段 系统转型 网络化发展型国家 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学]