住房改革观念与美国公共住房政策史回思  

Some Reflections on the U.S.Housing Reform Ideas and its Public Housing Policies

作　　者：李莉[1] LI li

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人文学院历史系,361005

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2020年第6期15-22,192,共9页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪世界城市化转型研究”(16ZDA139);福建省社科规划基础研究年度项目“多中心城市区域兰斯塔德与洛杉矶地区比较研究”(FJ2017B058)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国社会的住房改革观念对其公共住房政策史影响至深。虽然自20世纪初新住房改革运动一再呼吁制定公共住房政策,但美国主流住房改革观念却对该政策的国家直接干预特点甚为排斥。在主流观念的引导下,联邦政府先是在新政时期将公共住房首次立法一拖再拖,并对其干预方式及惠及范围做出严格限制;又在二战后公共住房计划重启阶段,将国家干预重点转向鼓励住房自有及贫民窟清理方面,进一步限制公共住房的建设进程;到六七十年代则引入以“房租补贴”为主的新住房援助方式,取代传统公共住房建设计划在低收入住房保障领域的核心地位。最终,主流住房改革观念长期排斥与限制国家干预,这在很大程度上导致公共住房政策由传统阶段向多元化模式的蜕变。从住房改革观念变迁的视角重新思考美国公共住房政策史,有助于发现美国住房改革群体的保守性与公共住房政策曲折发展的深层次原因。The U.S.housing reform ideas had a great impact on its public housing policies.The U.S.mainstream rejected the direct government intervention despite the fact that the new housing reform movement had called on the public housing reform since the early 20th century.Influenced by the mainstream,the federal government delayed its first legislation on public housing in the New Deal period and limited the ways and coverage of the law.It re-initiated the public housing reform after WWII,but encouraged people to own their houses and focused on slum control,which again limited the public housing program.In the 1960s and 1970s,it introduced“housing subsidy”as a new aid without treating public house construction as its core policy.This paper helps to clarify the conservatism of the U.S.public housing system and the intricacy of its policies.

关 键 词：美国 城市 住房观念 公共住房 

分 类 号：F299.712[经济管理—国民经济]