20世纪中期以来的美国高速公路政策与中心城市的衰落  

American Highway Policy Since the Mid-20th Century and the Decline of Central Cities

作　　者：董俊[1] DONG Jun

机构地区：[1]厦门大学,361005

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2020年第6期30-38,192,193,共11页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪世界城市化转型研究”(16ZDA139)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪中期美国侧重铺设高速公路的交通政策改变了全国的城市和郊区景观,其重要性和巨大影响毋庸置疑。但公路的铺设对中心城市造成了极大的负面影响,让大都市区化过程中的中心城市衰落问题更加严重。联邦政府对高速公路的支持主要是出于交通、经济和国防方面的考虑,地方政府则是期待利用公路铺设解决城市衰败问题,让城市中心更具通达性以对抗分散化对城市的影响。让人始料未及的是城市衰败问题不但没有解决,反而在公路的冲击下愈演愈烈,具体表现为人口与工商业更加分散化、交通拥堵问题更加严峻、种族隔离问题严重。In the mid-twentieth century,American transportation policy focused on highway construction.The Interstate system altered the urban and suburban landscape throughout the country unprecedentedly,which was undoubtedly an influential project in history.However,the system affected central cities in a negative way.It accelerated the decay of the central cities in the process of metropolitanization.The federal government considered the highway project necessary to the transportation,economy and national defense,while the local government expected to take advantage of the system to solve the problem of urban decay,make the city more accessible,and compete with decentralization.However,the urban problem was intensified with highways.More congestion and decentralization appeared after the construction,and racial segregation in American society was aggravated.

关 键 词：美国州际高速公路 中心城市衰落 交通拥堵 种族隔离 

分 类 号：F547.12[经济管理—产业经济] F299.712