二硝基苯胺类除草剂对单头切花菊‘白扇’的倍性诱导效果  

Ploidy Induction Effect of Dinitroaniline Herbicides on the Single-headed Cutting Chrysanthemum‘Iwa-no-hakusen’

作　　者：杨惠婷 陈桂信[1] 胡计红 吉玉婷 康建坂 潘腾飞[1] 佘文琴[1] YANG Huiting;CHEN Guixin;HU Jihong;JI Yuting;KANG Jianban;PAN Tengfei;SHE Wenqin(School of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Pingnan County United Front Work Department,Pingnan,Fujian 352301,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福建福州350002 [2]屏南县统战部,福建屏南352301

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第11期2190-2196,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：福建省林业厅科技项目(No.KLB16001A)。

摘　　要：以日本单头切花菊‘白扇’无菌苗的带腋芽茎段为材料,选用2种二硝基苯胺类除草剂(二甲戊灵和氟乐灵)溶液在不同浓度和浸泡时间下进行诱导处理,并接种到生根培养基中诱导完整植株。通过早期突变形态、根尖细胞染色体计数、叶片气孔特征、农艺性状和开花的形态观察统计和对比,总结出除草剂对切花菊‘白扇’无菌茎段的诱导效果。结果表明:200μmol/L二甲戊灵和200μmol/L氟乐灵分别浸泡36 h和24 h时诱导效果最佳,诱导率达25.00%和40.00%。经诱导的变异植株普遍染色体数增多,农艺性状变化明显。变异植株的叶片气孔和保卫细胞增大,气孔密度减小,株高和节间长度明显缩短,茎粗、叶长、叶宽显著增大,舌状花瓣形态出现多种明显变化且数量增多。In this study,the stalk bud stems of Japanese single-headed cutting Chrysanthemum‘Iwa-no-hakusen’sterile seedlings were used as the materials,and two dinitroaniline herbicides(pendimethalin and trifluralin)were used at different concentrations and soaking time.Induction treatment was carried out and inoculated into rooting medium to induce whole plants.The ploidy inducing effect of herbicide on the sterile stem segment of cutting Chrysanthemum‘Iwa-no-hakusen’was summarized by statistical analysis and comparison of early mutant morphology,chromosome count of root tip cells,leaf stomatal characteristics,agronomic traits and flowering morphology.The results showed that the induction effect was the best when induced by 200μmol/L pendimethalin and 200μmol/L trifluralin for 36 h and 24 h,the induction rate was 25.00%and 40.00%.The number of chromosomes in the plants increased,and the agronomic traits changed significantly.The leaf guard cells and stomata of the mutant plants increased,the stomatal density decreased,the plant height and the internode length were significantly shortened,the stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width increased significantly,and the shape of the tongue petals showed various changes and the number increased.

关 键 词：切花菊 化学诱导 二硝基苯胺 非整倍体 白扇 

分 类 号：S682[农业科学—观赏园艺]