三氨基胍硝酸盐的晶体形貌控制及性能  

Crystal Morphology Control and Characterization of Triaminoguanidinium Nitrate

作　　者：任晓婷 李纲[2] 王业腾 丁宁 何金选[1,2] REN Xiao-ting;LI Gang;WANG Ye-teng;DING Ning;HE Jin-xuan(Institute of AerospaceChemotechnology,Xiangyang 441003,China;Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology,Xiangyang 441003,China)

机构地区：[1]航天化学动力技术重点实验室,湖北襄阳441003 [2]湖北航天化学技术研究所,湖北襄阳441003

出　　处：《含能材料》2020年第12期1170-1177,I0004,共9页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：基础加强计划领域基金项目(0326007);国家自然科学基金(21875061)。

摘　　要：采用硝酸胍一步反应法制备了三氨基胍硝酸盐(TAGN),通过元素分析、FT‑IR、DSC和SEM等分析手段对其结构和性能进行了表征。通过超声波辅助降温结晶法获得了规则短块状TAGN晶体,研究了超声波、晶形修饰剂、降温速率和温控程序等因素对TAGN形貌和粒度的影响规律。结果表明:超声波辅助结晶技术可有效改善TAGN的晶体形貌和控制粒径分布,晶形修饰剂和温控程序对TAGN的形貌、粒径和粒径分布具有显著影响。在超声波(功率750 W,频率20 kHz)作用下,加入0.03%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K30),通过设计的温控程序,可获得形貌规则,长径比小、表面光滑无棱角,高致密,粒度分布窄的两种粒度规格高品质TAGN晶体,其摩擦感度分别从20%降低至8%和4%,特性落高分别提高了5.9 cm和3.4 cm,密度从1.571 g·cm-3分别提高到1.586 g·cm-3和1.589 g·cm-3,初始熔点从224.8℃分别提高到227.7℃和228.2℃,晶体产品综合性能明显优于直接合成产品;用该产品装药将显著改善装药工艺性能和提高固含量,从而提升武器性能。Triaminoguanidinium nitrate(TAGN)was obtained via amination of guanidinium nitrate,and its structure and properties were characterized by elemental analysis,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT‑IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Short block‑like TAGN crystal particles were prepared by ultrasound assissted cooling crystallization in water.The influencing factors of crystal modifier,ultrasonic and cooling process for controlling crystal morphology and particle size,were analyzed by SEM and particle size analysis,and results revealed that ultrasound assissted process can lead to uniform crystalline morphology with narrow particle size distribution.The crystal morphology modifier and temperature control program have a significant effect on the particle size,particle size distribution and crystalline morphology of TAGN.Under the action of ultrasonic(750 W,20 KHz),two kinds of high‑quality TAGN crystals with uniform crystalline morphology,smooth surface without sharp edge angle,high density and narrow particle size distribution were prepared by using suitable cooling process and PVP K30(0.03%)as the crystal morphology modifier.Compared with present manufactured raw materials,the comprehensive performance of TAGN have been improved,the characteristic explosion percentage of two kinds of TAGN decreases from 20%to 8%and 4%apart,the characteristic drop height increases 5.9 cm and 3.4 cm apart,the density increases from 1.571 g·cm-3 to 1.586 g·cm-3 and 1.589 g·cm-3 apart,the onset melt point increases from 224.8℃to 227.7℃and 228.2℃,respectively.Charging with the prepared product will significantly improve the charging process performance and solid content,so as to improve weapon performance.

关 键 词：三氨基胍硝酸盐(TAGN) 合成 结晶控制 晶体形貌 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O793[理学—晶体学]