盛京地区战略地位的演变与清朝兴衰  

The Evolution of Shengjing Area’s Strategic Position and the Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：孟繁勇[1] MENG Fanyong(Institute of History,Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences,Shenyang 110031,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁社会科学院历史研究所,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期151-159,共9页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“清代盛京将军与东北边疆治理研究”(项目批准号:16BZS103)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：盛京地区是关系历代中央王朝兴衰的边疆重地,战略地位十分重要。清入关前,定都盛京,盛京地区成为清朝的“龙兴之地”,是清朝崛起和入关统一全国的战略基地。清入关后,盛京被尊崇为陪都,盛京地区成为清朝大后方东北的核心和枢纽,被视为“根本重地”,是清朝前中期实现国家“大一统”盛世的重要支柱。晚清时期,在列强的入侵之下,中国逐步沦为半殖民地,盛京地区也成为遭受侵略战争次数最多、列强争夺最激烈、战争破坏最严重、边疆危机最深重的“受祸最深”之地。甲午战争后,盛京地区相继沦为俄国、日本的势力范围,由此动摇了清朝的统治根基,加速了清朝的灭亡。盛京地区战略地位的演变与清朝的兴盛衰亡休戚相关,相互作用,并且这一演变过程反映了清朝由崛起到兴盛,又由盛转衰直至最后灭亡的全过程。盛京地区的历史是清朝历史发展的缩影,盛京地区战略地位的演变反映了清朝兴盛衰亡的历程。Shengjing is an important frontier area related to the rise and fall of the central dynasties and its strategic position is very important.BeforeQing Dynasty’s entering Shanhai Pass,Shengjing was the capital of Qing Dynasty.Shengjing area became the“the place of Dragon Rise”of Qing Dynasty and it was the strategic base for the rise of Qing Dynasty and the unification of the whole country.After Qing Dynasty’s entering Shanhai Pass,Shengjing was respected as the secondary capital.Shengjing area became the core and hub of Northeast China that was the rear area of Qing Dynasty and was regarded as the“fundamental important place”.It was an important pillar to realize the national“great unification”in the first and middle period of Qing Dynasty.In the late Qing Dynasty,faced with the invasion of foreign powers,China gradually became a semicolony.Shengjing area also became the place where the number of aggressive wars was the most frequent,the scramble for spheres of influenceamong the foreign powers was the fiercest,and the war damage andborder crisis were the most serious.Shengjing became the place of the deepest disaster.Afterthe Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,Shengjing area gradually fell within the sphere of influence of Russia and Japan,which shook the ruling foundation of Qing Dynasty and accelerated its fall.The evolution of the strategic position of Shengjing area is closely related to the rise and fall of Qing Dynasty and reflects the process of Qing Dynasty from rise to prosperity,from prosperity to decline and final extinction.The history of Shengjing area is the epitome of the development of Qing Dynasty and the evolution of its strategic position reflects the rise and fall of Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：盛京地区 龙兴之地 根本重地 “受祸最深”之地 清朝兴衰 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]