从节能角度探究建筑物围护结构的演变  

Explore the Evolution of Building Enclosure Structure from the Perspective of Energy Conservation

作　　者：曲翠松[1,2] QU Cuisong

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]德国达姆施塔特工业大学

出　　处：《住宅科技》2020年第12期65-68,共4页Housing Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划资助课题“南方地区城镇居住建筑绿色设计新方法与技术协同优化”(编号:2016YFC0700200)。

摘　　要：在工业革命以前,因受制于结构和材料技术,建筑外围护结构必须同时满足承重、围护、采光及通风功能,开窗面积非常受限,建筑内部较为昏暗。工业革命以后,承重体系和材料的发展将承重功能从外围护结构中剥离出来,现代主义随之诞生,缺乏保温隔热性能的玻璃幕墙得以广泛使用,在建筑内部光线得以改善的同时建筑能耗急剧上升。到20世纪70年代,能源危机促使人们开始注重外围护结构的热工性能,限制窗墙比和体型系数,建筑室内采光环境再次受到影响。建筑发展经历了以上三个时期,目前,通过主动式产能以及提升玻璃门窗等构件热工性能,做到在保证高通透性的同时,能耗极低甚至综合能效为正。文章以Energy PLUS Home 4.0项目为例,从设计理念、材料选择和能量系统的组成等几方面,展示如何实现这一目标并展望未来。Restricted by structure and material technology,the building enclosure structures,before the industrial revolution,had to meet load-bearing,enclosure,lighting and ventilation functions at the same time,so the windowing areas were quite limited and the building interior was dark.After the industrial revolution,the development of load-bearing systems and materials separated the load-bearing function from the enclosure structure,accordingly the modernism was generated,and then glass facade with poor heat insulating functions was widely applied.While the interior lighting was improved,the building energy consumption was increased sharply.By the 1970s,the energy crisis urged people to pay attention to the thermal performance of the enclosure structure as well as limit the window-to-wall ratio and the shape coefficient,thus the interior lighting environment was once again affected.After going through the three above periods,it can achieve ultralow energy consumption and even positive comprehensive energy efficiency while ensuring high permeability active production capacity and improving thermal performance of glass doors,windows and other structural components.Taking the Energy PLUS Home 4.0 Project as example,this article showed how to achieve this goal from design concept,material selection and composition of energy system,and look into the future.

关 键 词：外围护结构 通透性 建筑能耗 主动式 

分 类 号：TU111.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]