社会救助提升农村贫困残障者的生活机遇了吗?——残障污名与街头官僚、救助政策的交互效应研究  

Does Social Assistance Increase the Life Opportunities of Persons with Disabilities in Rural China?A Study of the Intersections of Disability Stigma,Street-level Bureaucracy,and Anti-poverty Policy

作　　者：廖慧卿[1] 张兴杰[2] 张开云[2] Huiqing Liao;Xingjie Zhang;Kaiyun Zhang

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学公共管理学院 [2]华南农业大学

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2020年第6期21-39,207,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家留学基金委2019年国家公派高级研究学者、访问学者、博士后项目资助(201908440132);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“独立生活视角下广东省农村残疾人就业促进与减贫治理研究:社会政策与服务支持”(项目编号:GD20CSH02)。

摘　　要：【问题】污名是残障反贫困政策效果不彰的重要解释因素,它与政策递送体系关系错综复杂。在我国残障污名是如何与街头官僚、单向度的救助政策交互影响农村残障者摆脱贫困的权利禀赋,从而影响生活机遇提升和贫困消除的?【方法】运用个案研究法,通过入户调查和深入访谈获得质性数据,呈现D省农村残障反贫困政策的执行过程;运用扎根法探讨农村残障者脱贫权利禀赋的构成要素。【发现】首先,残障的政策污名潜移默化影响了贫困残障者的福利资格、申请体验和实质获益,街头官僚落实且强化了政策污名,而单向度的反贫困政策无助于消弭残障的政策污名,难以提升贫困残障者的生活机遇。其次,自我决定权、话语权和行动力构成了残障者摆脱实质贫困、提升生活机遇的权利禀赋;而污名,消极回应、单向度的反贫困政策安排与街头官僚的政策执行行为未能有效提升农村残障者脱贫的权利禀赋。最后,社会救助制度参与了对“残疾”现象的污名建构,政策污名强化了残障者不正常、无能和懒惰等社会标签效应,进一步加剧了他们对家人和街头官僚的依附。【贡献】论文基于交叉性理论指出残障污名与反贫困政策、街头官僚的政策行动的交互作用机制,提出了一个基于家庭权利结构的残障个体脱贫的权利禀赋集合,丰富了对农村残障减贫政策价值观和发展路径的认知。Motivation: Disability stigma undermines the intended outcomes of anti-poverty policy.How does claims stigma interact with street-level bureaucracy and a one-dimensional anti-poverty policy and affect the life chances of persons with disabilities living in rural China?Methodology: Through interviews,this case study of D province’s rural areas examined57 households with disabilities and poverty and the 34 street-level bureaucrats charged with delivering social welfare. Grounded theory methodology was also applied.Findings∶ Disability stigma,interacting with a one-dimensional anti-poverty policy and street-level bureaucracy,eroded the life chances of persons with disabilities in rural areas. Instead, essential entitlements consisting of the right to make decisions,discourse power, and behavior capabilities determined whether and to what extent persons with disabilities moved out of poverty. Anti-poverty policy failed to work on the entitlements to anti-poverty in rural areas and was evolved into the process that constructed the disability stigma. Claims stigma had persistent labelling effects on persons with disabilities. They were imagined to be abnormal,incapable,and indolent,so they then relied too much on their families and street-level bureaucracies.Contribution: This paper advances an individual entitlement set for persons with disabilities for anti-poverty policy based on the family power structure. It also enriches anti-poverty theory regarding persons with disabilities in rural areas.

关 键 词：农村 残障污名 街头官僚 权利禀赋 社会救助 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]