传统中国的“公法”与“私约”文化概略  

On the Culture of“Public Law”and“Private Contract”in Traditional Society of China

作　　者：袁瑜琤[1] 可晓 YUAN Yu-cheng;KE Xiao(School of Law,Yantai University,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《太原师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期63-71,共9页Journal of Taiyuan Normal University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：观察传统中国的基层社会,可以发现其在相当程度上的自治能力,以及一定意义上的“民法生态”。从形式上看,这得益于传统社会的各类契约制度规范,比如“公法”性质的“社会契约”和“私法”性质的“合同契约”。而深究起来,这种“公法”与“私约”背后则是一种契约文化的力量。通过对传统中国的契约文化研究,用大写意的笔法勾勒出传统社会契约文化之轮廓,再借助法律史学的方法对传统史料进行现代法治意义上的解读,最终可以清晰地看到:传统中国的基层社会并非一盘散沙,民众对于权利话语也非简单地排斥。相反,此种社会自有其相互缔约形成的公共秩序,普通百姓在私约的订立和维护中也日益形成一种中国式的民法生态。Observing the traditional society of China on a community level,we will find that it has autonomy capability to a certain extent and the“civil law ecology”in a certain sense.In terms of form,it benefits from contract system norms such as“social contract”with the nature of“public law”and“contract”with the nature of“private law”.Behind them is the power of contract culture.Through the study of traditional Chinese contract culture,this paper sketches the outline of traditional social contract culture,and then interprets the historical materials from the perspective of modern law by employing the method of legal history.Finally,it arrives at a conclusion that traditional society on the community level is not like a heap of loose sand,and the people are not simply excluded from the discourse of rights.On the contrary,traditional society has its own public order formed by mutual contracting,and it also gradually forms civil law ecology of Chinese style among the general public in the establishment and maintenance of private contracts.

关 键 词：契约文化 公法 私约 公共秩序 民法生态 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]