黑土区坡式条田对水土流失、土壤水热及呼吸的影响  

Effects of Sloping Contour Earth Bund on Soil Erosion, Moisture, Temperature, and Respiration in Black Soil Area of Northeast China

作　　者：张瑜[1] 徐子棋 杨献坤[1] 崔斌[1] Zhang Yu;Xu Ziqi;Yang Xiankun;Cui Bin(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Jilin Province,Changchun,Jilin 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2020年第5期160-165,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“东北黑土区坡面水土流失综合治理技术”(2018YFC0507002-05);国家重点研发计划“东北黑土区侵蚀沟生态修复关键技术研发与集成示范”(2017YFC0504200);吉林省财政厅项目“吉林省中东部生态小流域关键技术”。

摘　　要：[目的]探索坡式条田在黑土区坡耕地水土保持和改善土壤环境中的作用,以期为坡式条田在坡耕地上的利用提供理论支持。[方法]基于野外试验,观测研究了坡式条田对径流产沙、土壤水热和土壤呼吸的影响。[结果](1)黑土坡面设置坡式条田具有良好的减流减沙效果,年均减少输沙率和减少地表径流率分别为78.3%和68.5%,土壤侵蚀模数为87.53 t/(km^2·a),控制在允许范围内;(2)修筑坡式条田显著提高土壤质量含水量(p<0.05),并能显著增加植被覆盖度(p<0.01);(3)研究区土壤呼吸与土壤温度显著相关,修筑坡式条田能够显著降低土壤呼吸速率,降低土壤碳素损失。[结论]黑土区坡式条田能够很好地防治水土流失,改善土壤水热和植被状况,且能降低土壤呼吸造成的C素流失,应在黑土坡耕地上推广应用。[Objective]The function of sloping contour earth bunds with respect to soil and water conservation and environmental enhancement on sloping farmland in a black soil area was investigated in order to provide theoretical support for the use of sloping contour earth bunds on sloping farmland.[Methods]Field experiments were carried out to observe the effects of a sloping contour earth bund on soil erosion,the soil water content,soil temperature,and soil respiration.[Results]①The sloping contour earth bund had a remarkable effect on reducing the amount of soil erosion in the black soil area;the amount of erosion was 87.53 t/(km^2·a),which was less than the allowable amount of erosion.②Construction of the sloping contour earth bund significantly increased the soil water content(p<0.05)and the vegetation coverage ratio(p<0.01).③The soil respiration and soil temperature were significantly correlated in the research area,and the sloping contour earth bund clearly reduced the soil respiration rate and soil carbon loss.[Conclusion]The sloping contour earth bund exhibited remarkable effects for reducing soil erosion,improving the soil water content and temperature conditions,and reducing the soil respiration rate and soil carbon loss;hence,it is suitable for sloping farmland in the black soil area.

关 键 词：黑土区 坡式条田 水土流失 土壤水热 土壤呼吸 

分 类 号：S157.3[农业科学—土壤学]