黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究  

Experimental study on the influencing factors of infiltration characteristics of abandoned grassland on slope scale in the loess hilly and gully region

作　　者：肖婧 王兵[1,3] XIAO Jing;WANG Bing(Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水科学进展》2020年第6期820-831,共12页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41771555;41530858)。

摘　　要：为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区多种因素对撂荒草地入渗特征的影响,采用野外自然降雨观测法,研究不同降雨特征(降雨量、平均雨强、降雨历时和最大30 min雨强(I30))、土壤前期含水量、坡长(10 m、20 m、30 m、40 m和50 m)和植被盖度条件下土壤入渗特征差异,通过灰色关联度法判断影响撂荒草地入渗特征的主导因子。结果表明:(1)入渗量随降雨量、降雨历时和I30增加而增大(R2>0.55,P<0.01);入渗补给系数随降雨量、I30和平均雨强增大而减小(R2>0.12,P<0.05);平均入渗率随降雨强度、I30增加而递增(R2>0.53,P<0.01)。(2)入渗量和平均入渗率随前期含水量增加而减少,入渗补给系数随之增加而增大(R2>0.13,P<0.05)。(3)入渗量、入渗补给系数和平均入渗率总体随坡长增加而增大(R2>0.56,P<0.01),但在坡长30 m和40 m之间存在临界坡长。(4)在入渗效率较高的情况下,植被对土壤入渗的影响并不显著,降雨特征和坡长成为主导因子。To explore the influence of various factors on the infiltration characteristics of abandoned grassland in the loess hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau,a natural rainfall field observation method was used to study the influence of rainfall characteristics(rainfall,average rainfall intensity,rainfall duration and the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity(I30)),antecedent soil water content,slope length(10 m,20 m,30 m,40 m and 50 m),and vegetation coverage on soil infiltration characteristics.The grey correlation method was used to determine the dominant factors affecting the infiltration characteristics of the abandoned grassland.It was found that the infiltration amount increased significantly with increasing rainfall,rainfall duration and I30(R2>0.55,P<0.01).The infiltration supplement coefficient decreased with increasing rainfall,I30 and average rainfall intensity(R2>0.12,P<0.05).The average infiltration rate increased with increasing rainfall intensity and I30(R2>0.53,P<0.01).The infiltration amount and average infiltration rate decreased with the increase of antecedent soil water content,whereas the infiltration supplement coefficient increased with the increase of antecedent soil water content(R2>0.13,P<0.05).The infiltration amount,infiltration supplement coefficient and average infiltration rate increased as the slope length increased(R2>0.56,P<0.01).However,there was a critical slope length between 30 m and 40 m.Rainfall characteristics and slope length were the main factors affecting soil infiltration,and the effect of vegetation coverage on soil infiltration was not significant as the infiltration efficiency was high.

关 键 词：降雨特征 草地盖度 坡长 土壤前期含水量 土壤入渗 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]