河北省苹果园土壤肥力状况调查及施肥对策  

Investigation of the Apple Orchard Soil Fertility in Hebei Province and Fertilization Strategy

作　　者：马筱建 杨素苗[1] 石海强[1] 秦立者[1] 杜纪壮[1] 徐国良[1] 尼群周[1] 段鹏伟 MA Xiaojian;YANG Sumiao;SHI Haiqiang;QIN Lizhe;DU Jizhuang;XU Guoliang;NI Qunzhou;DUAN Pengwei(Shijiazhuang Pomology Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2020年第11期43-47,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省科技厅农业高质量发展关键技术攻关专项:苹果园智能精准水肥管理技术研究集成与示范(19226818)。

摘　　要：为掌握河北省苹果果园土壤肥力状况,解决单产偏低问题,促进苹果产业健康发展,于2019年秋季对河北省9地市43个苹果果园开展了土壤肥力调查,分析了河北省果园的有机质和大量元素肥力状况,并针对性提出了施肥策略。主要结果:(1)河北省苹果园土壤有机质明显偏低,平均含量9.3 g·kg^-1,总体上仅有18.6%的果园有机质处于适量到丰富水平,有81.4%的果园处于有机质缺乏或者较低的状态;(2)土壤速效氮平均值为57.8 mg·kg^-1,有65.1%果园处于速效氮低或者缺乏水平,有27.9%处于适宜水平,有7%处于丰富水平;(3)土壤有效磷平均值为54.3 mg·kg^-1,相对较丰富,有65%果园处于适量或丰富水平,而约35%处于较低或缺乏水平;(4)土壤速效钾的平均值为122.8 mg·kg^-1,整体上有76.7%土壤速效钾养分处于低或者缺乏状态,23.3%处于适量或丰富水平;(5)总体土壤肥力偏低是造成河北省苹果单产偏低的重要原因之一。施肥策略:(1)增加有机肥施用,注重土壤肥力培养;(2)加强测土施肥和施肥标准化技术的应用;(3)有机无机肥施用相结合。In order to know the soil fertility status of the apple orchards in Hebei Province,and help to solve the problem of lower unit land yield and to develop the apple production industry,investigation was made of 43 orchards in 9 prefectures of the province.This paper published the investigation results about the organic matter and macro-nutrient status in the apple orchards.According fertilization strategy was also suggested.The investigation results were as follows:(1)generally the soil organic matter of the apple orchards in Hebei Province was in a lower status with an average content of 9.3 g·kg^-1,81.4%of the orchards was in poor or low status,only 18.6%was in appropriate or rich status;(2)the average soil available nitrogen was 57.8 mg·kg^-1,among them,27.9%was“appropriate”,65.1%was in poor or short status,7%was in rich status;(3)the average soil available phosphorus was 54.3 mg·kg^-1,a generally abundant status,among them about 65%was in appropriate or rich status,35%was in poor or short status;(4)the average soil available potassium was 122.8 mg·kg^-1,among them,76.7%was in poor or short status,23.3%was in appropriate or rich status;(5)lower general fertility was one of the main causes of the problem of lower apple yield for the orchards in Hebei Province.The recommended fertilization strategy included:(1)paying attention to cultivate soil fertility and increasing the application of organic fertilizer;(2)extending the soil testing based chemical fertilizer application and standardizing orchard fertilization;(3)combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizers.

关 键 词：河北省 苹果果园 土壤肥力 大量元素养分 施肥策略 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]