法律规范合宪性解释的方法论构造  

Methodological Structure of Constitutionality Interpretation of Legal Norms

作　　者：刘召成 LIU Zhaocheng

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2020年第6期80-97,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“人格尊严的私法转化与私法构造研究”(19BFX152)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：合宪性解释旨在寻求解释者对于立法自由权的尊重义务与对于宪法基本价值的尊重义务之间的调和与妥协,确保立法者的意愿在宪法允许的可能范围内得到最大程度的实现。为尊重立法机关的立法自由权,不可要求法律规范在逻辑上与宪法规范保持一致,只能要求其在价值评价上保持一致,故合宪性解释并非体系解释方法,而是从体系性目的解释中分离出的独立解释方法。合宪性解释具有确定的论辩效力上的优先性,可压制经典解释方法的解释倾向而在解释结论上得到优先实现,其方法论构造与基于宪法的解释明显不同,后者并非优先性解释方法而是衡量性解释方法。为达成法律规范解释结论与宪法基本价值相合的结果,固然可以对法律规范的文义予以扩张或限缩,但基于对立法自由权的尊重,不得排除或篡改文义的实质核心方面。Constitutionality interpretation of law seeks the reconciliation and compromise between the interpreter’s obligation to respect the legislative power and his obligation to respect the basic values of the constitution,so as to ensure that the legislator’s will can be realized to the maximum extent within the scope of the constitution.To respect the legislative power,legal norms should not be required to be logically consistent with constitutional norms,but only be required to be consistent with constitutional norms in value evaluation.Therefore,constitutionality interpretation of law is not a method of logical systematic interpretation,but an independent interpretation method separated from systematic teleological interpretation.Compared with the classical interpretation methods,constitutionality interpretation method has a definite priority in the effectiveness of argument,which can suppress the explanatory tendency of classical interpretation methods and be realized firstly in the conclusion of interpretation.Its methodological structure differs significantly from that of constitution-based legal interpretation,which is not an interpretation method of priority,but an interpretation method of measurement.To realize the compatibility between interpretation conclusion of legal norms and the basic values of the constitution,the literal meaning of legal norms can be expanded or limited.However,the substantive aspects of the literal meaning may not be excluded or tampered with,so as to respect the legislative power.

关 键 词：合宪性解释 目的解释 合宪性判断 合宪性续造 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]