清末东北防疫中的“财”与“政”  

Finance and Administration of the Plague Prevention in Late Qing Northeast China

作　　者：杜丽红[1] Du Lihong

机构地区：[1]中山大学(珠海)历史系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2020年第6期23-38,M0003,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本业务费专项资金项目“近代海港检疫全球化与中国”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清末突发的东北大鼠疫在朝野上下引发巨大恐慌,清政府花销巨额经费应对。中央政府虽然一直给东北地方施加政治压力,但并未给予太多经费支持。防疫经费绝大部分是由东北地方政府筹措解决,东三省总督锡良在其中扮演了关键角色,不仅要向清廷军机处、户部请款,而且要给下属府县拨款,并监督经费的筹集和使用。东北防疫已不是传统意义上的施药治瘟,而是一项涉及面极广的庞大行政工程。东北地区几乎没有卫生设施满足防疫的需要,地方政府不得不投入财力弥补卫生行政基础的薄弱,把经费主要花在建立医院和检疫所等基础设施、雇用医生和招聘巡警充任防疫人员,以及购置药品等方面。The great plague that broke out in Northeast China in 1910 caused enormous panic in the government and the society.Although the central government gave the local government plenty of political pressure,it did not provide much financial support.The funding for the plague prevention largely came from the local government.Xiliang,the general-governor of the three northeast provinces,played an essential role in dealing with the financial issues of the plague prevention.He requested funding from the Grand Council and the Board of Finance in the central government,distributed funds to subordinated prefectures and countries,and supervised fund-raising and expenditure of funds.The plague prevention in Northeast China was an unprecedented administrative project that required modern public health facilities instead of merely providing medicine to curb epidemics,a measure often implemented in traditional China.The local government had to devote more money to this project to make up the weakness in the public health administration.It spent most of the fund in building infrastructures such as hospitals and plague prevention clinics,hiring doctors and sanitary police,purchasing medicine,and so on.

关 键 词：东北大鼠疫 防疫经费 地方财政 央地关系 锡良 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] F812.9[历史地理—中国史]