近代华北乡村土地交易的参与者及其人际关系--基于孔府魏庄地契的实证分析  

A Study on the Personal Relationship among Participants of Rural Land Trade in Modern North China:An Empirical Analysis Based the Land Contracts of Weizhuang Village

作　　者：姜修宪[1] Jiang Xiuxian

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2020年第6期39-54,M0003,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“孔府庄园土地买卖契约整理与研究”(20AZS017)的中期成果。

摘　　要：人际关系对地权交易的影响实然存在,土地交易依赖于身份关系的类型、表现和程度,因南北地域的不同而各异。与徽州等地的土地买卖以亲族间交易为主不同,华北地区的小农更倾向于在异姓之间进行交易,并因所在村落和家族的不同而表现出个体差异,且不管是买方兼并地邻的土地,还是卖方分割出售土地,事实上都较难实现。土地交易第三方参与者的介入,多数情况下是随机的,买卖双方对其是否亲属关系或拥有社会威望等身份性标志,均没有强烈的社会偏好,南方经验抽象出来的“同族为中”“亲族代笔”“权威见证”等认知,在华北地区的土地交易中缺乏解释力,而第三方参与者之间角色杂糅和互兼的情形,也因自我和他人都有清晰的认知和辨识而较为少见。Interpersonal relationship had impact on land trade,but the impact in North China was different from that in South China.In South China such as Huizhou,land trade was mainly between people inside the same lineage,while in North China small peasants tended to trade land with ones in different lineages and each transaction had its unique situation depending on participants'villages and lineages.Moreover,in North China,it was relatively difficult to close a transaction of land trade,no matter purchasing or selling.In most of the cases,the participation of a third party in land trde was random.Both the buyer and seller had no strong preference regarding to the social condition of the third party,such as family ties and social prestige.The general understanding of land trade based on the empirical research in South China cannot fully explain land trade in North China.The complicated role that the third party played in land trade in South China was seldom seen in North China,where both buyers and sellers normally had clear perception of themselves and the opposite party.

关 键 词：华北乡村 土地交易 人际关系 孔府档案 地契 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] K25[历史地理—历史学]