近代中国社会对“瘾”的认知及其变化  

The Understanding of“Addiction”and Its Transformation in the Modern Chinese Society

作　　者：王亚楷 Wang Yakai

机构地区：[1]上海大学历史学系

出　　处：《近代史研究》2020年第6期120-131,M0004,共13页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：在近代,国人对成瘾现象的认识与鸦片烟的流行直接相关,并伴随着鸦片对社会危害的加剧而逐步深入。用以表示成瘾现象的口头俗语,在乾隆朝开始文字化。至嘉道年间,因相关讨论渐多和戒烟断瘾政策的推动,成瘾现象的表达方式和内涵渐趋统一。清末民初,在中西医学知识的交互影响下,“瘾”成为医学专门术语,与日常生活中通俗化的“瘾”相分离,沿用至今。中国近代社会对“瘾”的认知及其变化的历史过程足以体现鸦片输入对近代中国的危害和对国人思维方式的影响。In modern China,Chinese people's understanding of addiction was directly related to the prevalence of opium smoking and was further developed along with the deteriorating social damage caused by opium.The slangs used to describe addiction started to enter written language in the Qianrong Reign.In the Jiaqing and Daoguang Reigns,discussions about addiction were more and more related to the promotion of anti-opium policies,and thus the expression and substance of addiction gradually became identical.In the late Qing and early Republican period,with the mutual influence between the Chinese and western medical knowledge,“addiction”became a medical term and divergent from the popular expression of“addiction”in everyday life.The understanding of“addiction”and its transformation illustrate the damage caused by the import of opium to the modern Chinese society and its impact on the Chinese way of thinking.

关 键 词：成瘾现象 鸦片 烟瘾戒断 医学术语 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]