长期施肥对根系及土壤微生态环境、养分和结构的影响综述  

Review of Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Root and SoilMicro-ecological Environment, Nutrients and Structure

作　　者：杨文飞[1] 杜小凤[1] 顾大路[1] 吴传万[1] 王伟中[1] YANG Wen-fei;DU Xiao-feng;GU Da-lu;WU Chuan-wan;WANG Wei-zhong(Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute of Xuhuai District,Huai’an 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2020年第12期37-44,共8页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-2-13)。

摘　　要：归纳总结了长期不同施肥模式对土壤中根系、微生物数量、酶活性、养分含量及土壤结构等的影响。综合认为:有机肥与化肥配施在改善作物根系以及提高土壤微生物数量和酶活性方面的效果明显优于长期单施化肥和不施肥;土壤养分和结构亦受长期不同施肥模式的影响,其中土壤养分氮、磷、有机质含量以及土壤容重、孔隙度、团聚体通过长期有机肥的持续添加和投入可以得到明显改善,但有机肥的过多施用也会带来一定的风险。此外,综合前人的研究成果,本文亦探讨了未来在长期定位施肥方面应重点研究的领域及发展趋势。The effects of long-term fertilization models on root traits,microbial quantity,enzyme activity,nutrient content and soil structure were summarized in the paper.The results showed that the effect of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on improving crop root traits and soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity was better than that of applying single chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer for a long time.Soil nutrients and structure were also affected by different long-term fertilization modes.The soil nutrient content of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter,soil structure of bulk density,porosity and aggregate could be obviously improved through the application of long-term organic fertilizer,but excessive application of organic fertilizer would also bring certain risks.In addition,based on the previous studies,the key research fields and development trends of long-term fertilization in the future were also discussed in the paper.

关 键 词：长期施肥 根系 土壤养分 微生物数量 酶活性 土壤结构 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]