内蒙古森林草原雷击火灾时空分布特征  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Lightning Fires in Forests and Grasslands in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：张恒[1] 张鑫[2] 赵鹏武[2] 周梅[2] 殷继艳 Zhang Heng;Zhang Xin;Zhao Pengwu;Zhou Mei;Yin Jiyan(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,P.R.China;China Fire and Rescue Institute)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010019 [3]中国消防救援学院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2020年第12期46-51,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860211,32060344)。

摘　　要：雷击火是引发森林草原火灾最主要的天然火源,雷击火的频发使森林草原资源遭受巨大损失。应用遥感影像,借助ArcGIS10.2和Origin2017等软件,并结合时空因素,分析了1981—2018年内蒙古地区森林草原雷击火灾特点,探讨森林草原雷击火灾时空动态规律。结果表明:年变化规律中森林雷击火在2000年后出现明显的增长趋势,草原雷击火趋势较为平稳;春、夏两季是雷击火多发季节,分别占全年的95.54%、80.49%;其中5—6月雷击火次数出现最高期;每日13:00—17:00是雷击火出现频率最高时段;雷击火主要发生于内蒙古东北部即大兴安岭林区。雷击火受到来自气象条件、地形、海拔等多重因素影响,具有时空分布特征。建议在掌握内蒙古自治区森林草原雷击火灾时空动态特征的基础上,加大重点地区和重点时段的防控,加强防火宣传与教育,并运用科学的森林草原防火措施,制定合理的防护措施。Lightning fire is the most critical natural fire source that causes forest and grassland fires and the frequent occurrence of lightning fires has caused huge losses to forest and grassland resources.With remote sensing images,using ArcGIS 10.2 and Origin 2017 software,and combined with temporal and spatial factors,the characteristics of lightning fires in forests and grasslands in Inner Mongolia from 1981 to 2018 were analyzed to understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of fires.The annual change variation of the forest lightning fires showed an obvious growth trend after the year of 2000,while the grassland lightning fires was relatively stable.The spring and summer seasons are the peak seasons of lightning fires,accounting for 95.54% and 80.49% of the whole year,respectively.The highest number of lightning strikes occurred from May to June.The daily peak frequency of lightning fires is 13:00-17:00.The lightning fires mainly occurred in forest area in northeastern Inner Mongolia,namely Daxing’an Mountains.It is suggested that from the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of lightning fires in forest and grasslands in Inner Mongolia,it would be necessary to increase the prevention and control in key areas and key periods and apply scientific forest fire prevention measures.

关 键 词：森林草原火灾 雷击火 时间尺度 空间分布 内蒙古自治区 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]