可食竹中硅元素对大熊猫取食的影响  

Effect of Silicon Content in Edible Bamboo on Feeding of Giant Panda

作　　者：林达[1] 贾竞波[1] 赵志琛 Lin Da;Jia Jingbo;Zhao Zhichen(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2020年第12期75-78,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业和草原局大熊猫国际合作项目(WY1103)。

摘　　要：以圈养大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、10种竹子为研究对象,在四川省雅安市正北碧峰峡景区内(102°51′~103°12′E,29°40′~30°14′N)的中国保护大熊猫雅安碧峰峡研究基地、四川省都江堰市青城山镇石桥村(103°33′E,34°57′N)的中国保护大熊猫研究中心都江堰研究基地,观察8只圈养大熊猫对10种竹子的采食状况;采用等离子体发射光谱法,分析大熊猫可食竹种硅元素质量分数与取食率的关系。结果表明:对于投喂的10种竹子,取食8种竹子;对于投喂的6种竹笋大熊猫全部取食;对于投喂竹种部位,大熊猫取食倾向由先到后依次为笋肉、秆肉、笋皮、叶、秆皮。大熊猫可食竹种硅元素质量分数由大到小依次为叶、秆皮、笋皮、笋肉、秆肉;由局部加权回归(Lowess)统计分析,大熊猫更偏好于取食硅元素质量分数5%~15%的可食竹种,对白夹竹(Phyllostachys bissetii)、箬叶竹(Indocalamus longiauritus)、大琴丝竹(Neosinocalamus affinis‘Flavidorivens’)、刺竹子(Chimonobambusa pachystachys)4种可食竹种叶趋于回避,对于其余4中可食竹种叶的取食状况存在个体间差异,对可食竹种叶的平均取食率为20.85%。取食率与秆皮、笋皮、笋肉、叶中的硅元素质量分数呈负相关,其中与叶硅元素质量分数相关性极显著(-0.900)。With the captive giant panda and 10 bamboo species as research object,we observed the eight pandas foraging bamboos in the Bifengxia Base of China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda which lies north of Bifengxia Scenic,Ya’an Sichuan Province(102°51′-103°12′E,29°40′-30°14′N)and the Dujiangyan Base of China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda that located in Shiqiao Village,Qingchengshan Town,Dujiangyan Sichuan Province(103°33′E,34°57′N);By using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry,the relationship between silicon mass fraction and feeding rate of edible bamboo of giant panda was analyzed.For the 10 feeding species of bamboos,fed on 8 species of bamboos;The pandas fed on all six species of bamboo shoots;For the feeding part of bamboo species,the feeding tendency of giant pandas was from bamboo meat,stalk meat,bamboo skin,leaf and stalk skin from first to last.The silica contents of edible bamboo of giant panda were leaf,stalk skin,bamboo skin,bamboo meat and bamboo meat in descending order.Statistical analysis was performed by locally weighted regression(Lowess),and giant pandas prefer edible bamboo species with silicon element mass fraction between 5% and 15%.The leaves of Phyllostachys bissetii,Indocalamus longiauritus,Neosinocalamus affinis‘Flavidorivens’and Chimonobambusa pachystachys of edible bamboo,tend to be avoided.There were individual differences in the feeding conditions of the remaining four edible bamboo leaves.The average feeding rate of edible bamboo leaves was 20.85%.There was a negative correlation between the feeding rate and the silicon content in culm skin,bamboo shoot skin,bamboo shoot meat and leaves.Among them the content of leaf silicon was highly correlated(-0.900).

关 键 词：大熊猫 取食率 竹 硅元素 

分 类 号：S718.65[农业科学—林学] S795