水肥耦合对加气滴灌加工番茄产量及品质的影响  

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the yield and quality of processing tomato under aerated drip irrigation

作　　者：王振华[1,2] 陈潇洁 吕德生 李文昊[1,2] 王天宇[1,2] 魏驰林 Wang Zhenhua;Chen Xiaojie;Lyu Desheng;Li Wenhao;Wang Tianyu;Wei Chilin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第19期66-75,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“经济作物水肥一体化技术模式研究与应用”(2017YFD0201506);兵团科技创新团队项目(2019CB004);兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-201907);石河子大学国际科技合作推进计划项目(GJHZ201803)。

摘　　要：为探求北疆地区水肥耦合对加气灌溉加工番茄产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响,该研究设置2个灌溉水平分别为4950和4050 m^3/hm^2、4个施氮梯度分别为280、250、220和190 kg/hm^2以及2个加气水平分别为掺气比例15%和0进行完全组合设计。结果表明,加气灌溉使加工番茄产量显著提高2.32%~10.02%,灌溉水分利用效率与氮肥偏生产力分别提高6.12%和6.19%。加气提高了加工番茄可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量,基于主成分分析对各品质指标进行综合评价,得出最优处理为灌水4050 m^3/hm^2,施氮250 kg/hm^2。研究可为提高新疆加工番茄水肥利用率提供理论依据。Optimizing water and fertilization management is a critical component for maximizing crop production and water-fertilizer use efficiency.Aerated irrigation is widely recognized to improve soil aeration and water productivity.However,information about crop yield and quality of processing tomato responds to water-nitrogen-gas coupling remains unclear.To explore the effects of water and fertilizer coupling under aerated irrigation on yield,quality,and water-fertilizer use efficiency of processing tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),and to determine the optimal water-nitrogen rate for improving quality under aerated irrigation,a field experiment was conducted in 2019 at the Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps at Shihezi University in Xinjiang,China.Two irrigation levels(4950 and 4050 m3/hm^2),four nitrogen levels(280,250,220,and 190 kg/hm^2),and two aerated rates(15%and 0)were tested using a completely randomized design.A local processing tomato cultivar,Jinfan 3166,was selected transplanted on May 5th manually and harvested on August 24th.Subsurface drip irrigation was adopted in this study.Air was injected into a drip line using Mazzei air injector(Mazzei air injector 1078,American),and the aerated rate was approximately 15%.Plant height,stem diameter,yield,water-use efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity,and fruit quality parameter of processing tomato were determined.The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly affected plant height and stem diameter of processing tomato(P<0.05).The plant height of processing tomato was greater as the irrigation and nitrogen level increased.However,excessive irrigation and fertilization had a major negative impact on stem diameter.Furthermore,Aerated irrigation enhanced plant height and stem diameter more under higher irrigation levels.Processing tomato yield was greater at a high irrigation level by 2.18%to 16.95%than that in the low irrigation level.Under the same irrigation amount,p

关 键 词：灌溉 土壤 品质控制 产量 加工番茄 加气灌溉 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S275.6[农业科学—园艺学]