山地黄壤区玉米不同生育期土壤抗蚀性特征  

Soil anti-erodibility at different growth stages of maize in hilly yellow soil areas

作　　者：马瑞 郑子成 王双 杨海龙 李廷轩 杨帅 Ma Rui;Zheng Zicheng;Wang Shuang;Yang Hailong;Li Tingxuan;Yang Shuai(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Agricultral and Rural Bureau of Meishan,Meishan 620010,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130 [2]眉山市农业农村局,眉山620010

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第19期107-114,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40901138)。

摘　　要：山地黄壤区不仅是四川省重要的农产区之一,也是水土流失较为严重的区域,为阐明四川山地黄壤区土壤抗蚀性特征。该研究以山地黄壤区坡耕地为研究对象,采用野外径流小区定位试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了玉米不同生育期土壤抗蚀性的变化特征。结果表明:1)随玉米生育期的推进,土壤水稳性团聚体和微团聚体均表现出由小粒级团聚体逐渐形成大粒级团聚体的趋势,提高了>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体质量分数(Water-Stable Aggregate,WSAwet)、平均重量直径(Mean Weight Diameter,MWD)、团聚度(Aggregation Degree,AD)和土壤有机质质量分数(Content of Soil Organic matter,SOM),降低了结构体破坏率(Percentage of Aggregate Disruption,PAD)、平均重量比表面积(Mean Weight Specific Surface Area,MWSSA)、分形维数(Fractal Dimension,FD)和分散系数(Dispersion Coefficient,DC);2)结合主成分分析和抗蚀指数(Soil Anti-erodibility Index,SAI),玉米不同生育期土壤抗蚀性由高到低为:成熟期、抽雄期、拔节期、苗期,且随土层深度增加而逐渐降低;3)土壤抗蚀性与玉米叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)和根系密度(Root Mass Density,RMD)均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),玉米生长可显著影响土壤抗蚀性。山地黄壤区坡耕地,种植玉米有利于增强土壤抗蚀性,有助于研究区坡耕地水土流失的有效防控。Mountainous yellow soil area is one of the most important agricultural production base in Sichuan province of southwestern China,as well as a serious soil erosion area.Since the slope farmland is the main cultivated land resource of hilly yellow soil area,the severe soil erosion has caused tremendous degradation in the slope farmland,and consequently posed negative effects in regional agricultural production and sustainable utilization of soil resource.Maize(Zea mays L.)is the dominant crop in this area,but the whole growth stages of maize overlap with the erosive period of regional rainfall on temporal scales.Thus,the soil erosion has inevitable impacts on the growth of maize in slope farmland.In this study,taking a slope farmland in hilly yellow soil areas as the object,the field experiments and lab analysis were combined to clarify the characteristics of soil anti-erodibility at the different growth stages of maize.The wet-sieving and pipe methods were employed to measure the composition and stability of soil water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates,respectively.The model of soil anti-erodibility index(SAI)and the principal component analysis(PCA)were applied to evaluate the soil anti-erodibility.10 evaluation indices were selected,including the content of soil organic matter(SOM),the content of<0.05 mm slit clay,the content of<0.001 mm clay,the content of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregate,mean weight diameter(MWD),percentage of aggregate disruption(PAD),mean weight specific surface area(MWSSA),fractal dimension of micro-aggregate(FD),aggregation degree(AD),and dispersion coefficient(DC).The characteristics of soil anti-erodibility can be determined using the comprehensive index F of PCA,and the soil anti-erodibility index SAI.The results indicated that:(1)The soil water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates both showed a similar trend that micro-aggregates transformed gradually into macro-aggregates with advancing growth stages of maize.The content of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates,MWD,AD,and SOM increased

关 键 词：土壤 侵蚀 团聚体 抗蚀性 玉米生育期 坡耕地 黄壤 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]