不同热解温度生物质炭对羊粪堆肥过程氮素损失的减控效果  

Effects of biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures on reduction and control of nitrogen loss in sheep manure composting process

作　　者：王海候[1] 韩奇隆 刘泽凯 金梅娟[1] 施林林[1] 沈明星[1] 顾海东 Wang Haihou;Han Qilong;Liu Zekai;Jin Meijuan;Shi Linlin;Shen Mingxing;Gu Haidong(Taihu Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Suzhou 215100,China;National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute,Suzhou 215100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,苏州215100 [2]新加坡国立大学苏州研究院,苏州215100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第19期184-191,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B12-03);江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)面上项目(BK20181165);江苏省第五期“333高层次人才培养工程”科研项目(BRA2020128)。

摘　　要：为探讨高温堆肥中氮素损失的有效控制技术,以2种不同热解温度制备的稻壳生物质炭为堆肥添加剂,与羊粪、食用菌渣混合,进行了43 d的堆肥试验。设置了3个处理,羊粪与食用菌渣质量比9:1混合体作为预备物料,在预备物料上分别添加450、650℃热解的生物质炭(占预备物料质量百分比15%)为B1、B2处理,在预备物料上添加未热解的稻壳(与生物质炭等体积)为CK处理。监测了堆肥体的温度、NH3挥发、N2O排放、pH值等参数变化动态,分析了不同热解温度生物质炭在堆肥中的保氮效果。结果表明,与对照组相比B1、B2处理促进了堆肥初期的温度快速上升,堆肥体初次升温至55℃所需时间分别较CK缩短了2、6 d,B2处理的促升温、增温效应优于B1处理;堆肥43 d后,CK、B1与B2处理的NH3挥发累积量分别为378.12、117.22、94.16 mg/kg,N2O排放累积量分别为13.9、26.3、23.6 mg/kg,氮素损失率分别为47.8%、34.1%,30.5%;与对照组相比B1、B2处理增加了堆肥体N2O排放,降低了堆肥体NH3挥发,整个堆肥过程中N2O排放累积量远小于NH3挥发累积量,添加生物质炭对堆肥过程氮素损失表现为正向的减控作用,B1、B2处理的氮素损失率分别较CK处理降低了28.66%、36.19%,B1、B2处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合堆温快速上升、氮素损失控制等指标,B2处理对羊粪堆肥过程保氮效果优于B1处理;堆肥工程中应用生物质炭减控氮素损失及提高堆肥质量,优选热解温度650℃制备的生物质炭。High temperature aerobic composting is one of the most economical and feasible methods to produce organic fertilizer from agricultural waste.It is not only conducive to the recycling and reuse of agricultural waste biomass,but also conducive to replacing chemical fertilizers and reducing the use of fertilizer in farmland.However,serious nitrogen loss is common in the process of composting,which reduces the agricultural value of composting products and increases the pressure of environmental pollution.Therefore,nitrogen fixation measures to enhance the composting process are the key technical links to realize the virtuous circle of agriculture,rural ecology and economy.Biochar is a kind of highly aromatic refractory solid material made from waste biomass inside and outside farmland under high-temperature anaerobic conditions.It has huge specific surface area,porous structure,carboxyl group,hydroxyl group,phenolic hydroxyl group and other unique properties.It has high thermal stability and strong adsorption capacity.To study the effective control of nitrogen loss in high temperature compost technology,biochar preparation of rice husk with two different pyrolytic temperature biochar for compost additives,mixed with sheep droppings,edible fungi residue,carried out composting trials of 43 days for composting engineering application of biochar control nitrogen loss and improve the quality of compost to provide technical support and theoretical basis.Three treatments were set up.The mixture of sheep manure and edible fungus residue fresh weight ratio at 9:1 was used as the preparation material,the pyrolysis biochar at 450 and 650℃(accounting for 15%of the fresh weight of the preparation material)was added to the preparation material for B1 and B2 treatment,and the unpyrolyzed rice husk(such as volume of biochar)was added to the preparation material for CK treatment.During the experiment,the changes of composting body temperature,NH3 volatilization,N2O emission,pH value and other parameters were monitored,and the nitro

关 键 词：生物质炭 热解 温度 堆肥 氮素损失 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]