多层金属板拉深成形研究进展  

Research Development for Deep Drawing of Multilayer Sheet Metals

作　　者：周斌军 徐永超[1,2] 张志超 胡蓝 ZHOU Binjun;XU Yongchao;ZHANG Zhichao;HU Lan(Institute of High Pressure Fluid Forming,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学流体高压成形技术研究所,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学金属精密热加工国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司,上海200245

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第23期23165-23170,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1637209;51375114);国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0306304);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(HIT.NSRIF.201134)。

摘　　要：多层板拉深件由于具备优异的综合力学性能,在航空航天、汽车以及化工等领域得到了广泛的应用,近年来围绕多层板的拉深成形性能及起皱行为开展了较多的研究工作。在拉深成形性能方面重点研究了基本拉深成形工艺参数、组元金属的叠层顺序、厚度比等对多层板拉深成形性能的影响,对界面摩擦的影响则鲜有涉及。由于不同组分金属力学性能的差异,加之发生内皱(多指悬空区起皱)区域的材料在拉深成形过程中的空间位置及曲面形状均在不断发生变化,加大了多层板拉深成形起皱机理及控制的研究难度,目前在多层板拉深成形起皱方面主要还是针对外皱展开研究,对复杂曲面零件悬空区起皱机理的研究则相对较少。针对多层板拉深成形性能影响因素的研究表明,将成形性能更好的组元金属置于凸模一侧、增加多层板中成形性能更好的组元金属的厚度比、优化基本的拉深成形工艺参数均能提高多层板的拉深成形性能。针对其起皱机理的相关研究表明,组元金属的强度、变形过程中组元金属之间是否存在相互作用(厚向约束以及变形协调)等是多层板拉深成形发生失稳起皱的主要原因。研究结果为多层板的结构设计以及实际应用提供了理论指导。本文从拉深成形性能和起皱两个方面综述了近年来国内外在多层板拉深成形方面的研究现状及主要存在的问题,在此基础上提出了双层板充液拉深成形方法,通过对相关工艺参数的合理调控,可以消除薄壁曲面件悬空区起皱缺陷,获得合格试件。最后在总结现有研究存在的问题的基础上对多层板拉深成形的未来研究方向进行了展望。Deep drawing parts of multilayer sheet metals are widely used in the aerospace,automobile and chemical industries due to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.In recent years,many researches have been done regards the deep drawability and wrinkle behavior of multi-layer sheets.When investigate the deep drawability of multi-layer sheets,the influence of basic deep drawing process parameters,stacking sequence and thickness ratio of component metals on the deep drawability of multilayer sheet is emphatically studied while the influence of interfacial friction is rarely discussed.The constantly changed space position and surface shape of unsupported area of formed sheet parts during the deep drawing process combined with the difference in mechanical properties between component metals make the wrinkling mechanism of multi-layer sheets more complicated to investigate.Thus,at present,the research on wrinkling of multi-layer deep drawing parts is mainly focused on the external wrinkle defects,while relatively few researches focus on the wrinkling mechanism of unsupported area for complex curved sheet parts.Research on the influence factor of deep drawability of multilayer sheets shows that by placing the component metal with better formability in the punch side,increasing the thickness ratio of component metal with better formability and optimizing the basic deep drawing parameters,the deep drawability of multi-layer sheets can be improved.Meanwhile,relevant studies on the wrinkling mechanism gives that:the strength of component metal and the interaction between component metal during deformation are the main reasons for wrinkling of multi-layer sheets deep drawing.For the structural design and practical application of multilayer sheet metals,the above research findings have certain theoretical guidance meaning.An overall review of research status and existing problems for deep drawing of multilayer sheet metals is summarized from two aspects:deep drawability and wrinkling.Based on this,double-layer sheets h

关 键 词：多层金属板 拉深成形性能 起皱 双层板充液拉深 

分 类 号：TG386.3[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]