种植耐盐水稻盐碱地改良过程中的盐度变化趋势研究  

Study on the changing trend of salinity in the process of planting salt-tolerant rice to improve saline-alkali soil

作　　者：程知言 胡建 葛云 魏文杰 陈澎军 韩继军 CHENG Zhiyan;HU Jian;GE Yun;WEI Wenjie;CHEN Pengjun;HAN Jijun(Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey,ECE,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局地球化学勘查与海洋地质调查研究院,江苏南京210007 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2020年第12期2592-2600,共9页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(编号:201511086)资助。

摘　　要：耐盐水稻种植是有效解决盐碱地改良过程中脱盐和抑制返盐难题的方法之一。本次研究采用恒温条件下(25℃)电导率仪测试土壤中浸提液的检测方法快速获得土壤盐度数据,能够准确反映改良过程的盐度变化趋势,可替代传统实验室检测,为精准、快速人工干预盐碱地改良提供了可能。通过研究,发现耐盐水稻种植对滨海盐碱地改良具有良好作用,可有效控制耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤盐度维持在较低的水平且保持稳定。此外,研究数据显示40~60 cm深度土层为地下水与地表水交互层,60 cm深度以下土层受地表水影响较小,因此,前期洗盐深耕至地下40 cm处,能够有效改善土壤结构,降低潜在盐害,促进水稻生长。综合对比,发现通过种植耐盐水稻改良盐碱地,受地理气候等自然因素制约较小,改良效果较传统旱作改良更优,可推荐在有淡水(或微咸水)资源的盐碱地推广应用。Salt-tolerant rice planting is one of the important methods to effectively solve the problem of desalination and inhibi⁃tion of re-salting during the improvement of saline-alkali soil.In this study,a conductivity meter under constant temperature conditions(25°C)was used to test the extraction liquid in the soil to quickly obtain soil salinity data,which can accurately reflect the salinity change trend of the improvement process,and can replace traditional laboratory testing.It is providing the possibility to improve saline-alkali soil by quick manual intervention.Through research,it is found that salt-tolerant rice planting has a good effect on the improve⁃ment of coastal saline-alkali land,and can effectively control the soil salinity of the cultivated layer(0-20 cm)to maintain a low level and remain stable.In addition,research data shows that the soil layer at a depth of 40~60cm is an interactive layer of groundwater and surface water,and the soil layer below 60cm is less affected by surface water.Therefore,the early salt washing and deep ploughing to 40cm underground can effectively improve the salt state of the soil,and reduce potential salt damage and promote rice growth.Compre⁃hensive comparison,it is found that the improvement of saline-alkali land by planting salt-tolerant rice is less restricted by natural fac⁃tors such as geography and climate,and the improvement effect is better than that of traditional dry farming.It can be recommended for promotion and application in saline-alkali land with freshwater(or brackish water)resources.

关 键 词：耐盐水稻种植 盐度快速检测 脱盐和抑制返盐 变化趋势 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程] S511[农业科学—农业工程]