黑水虻生物转化猪粪过程中重金属的迁移变化  

Migration and changes of heavy metals during biotransformation of pig manure by black soldier fly

作　　者：王小波 蔡瑞婕 耿维娜 毛志月 赵毅 蒋会东 徐晓燕 Wang Xiaobo;Cai Ruijie;Geng Weina;Mao Zhiyue;Zhao Yi;Jiang Huidong;Xu Xiaoyan(College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第20期263-268,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2018YFD0500205);天津市科技计划项目(19ZYYFSN00010,18ZXYENC00130)。

摘　　要：利用黑水虻处理猪粪为一种高效的环境友好型的技术,但猪粪中重金属的含量对黑水虻的转化产生影响。该研究在30℃环境下猪粪中接种7日龄的黑水虻幼虫,研究黑水虻的生长和对猪粪的转化效率,以及猪粪中的重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、As)在黑水虻虫体和虫粪中的变化情况。结果表明:在8 d的生长过程中,0~2 d时,生长速率最慢,4~6 d时生长速率最快,在第8天时虫体干质量最高。黑水虻对猪粪的转化率随着时间的延长而增加,在第6天时达到了最大11.5%,而到第8天时下降。在转化过程中虫体中Cu、Cr、As的浓度随着黑水虻幼虫生长降低,在第8天时,虫体Cu、Cr、As浓度较第2天分别降低了24.5%、21.7%、33.1%。Cd含量随着黑水虻幼虫生长增加,在第8天时,虫体Cd浓度较第2天增加了75.3%。Cu、Cr、As、Cd在虫粪中浓度的变化同虫体变化相反。Zn在虫体和虫粪中含量没有发生显著变化。在第8天时虫粪中的Cd含量显著低于猪粪,而Cu、Cr、As、Zn含量与猪粪比没有显著差异。黑水虻幼虫对猪粪中Cd的富集系数最高,达到了3.8,其余都小于1,各重金属的富集顺序从大到小依次为Cd、Zn、Cu、Cr、As。转化后Cu、Cr、As、Zn有83.6%~92.7%分布于虫粪,而Cd有49.8%~69.7%分布于虫粪,30.3%~50.2%分布于虫体。转化后Cu、As的生物活性提高,Cr、Cd的生物活性降低,Zn的生物活性没有明显的变化。研究结果为畜禽粪便的黑水虻生物转化提供参考。A large amount of livestock manure has caused seriously ecological pollution,as the rapid development of livestock and poultry industry.The black soldier fly larvae(BSFL)are a good candidate for poultry and livestock manure treatment.The harvested insect bodies and feces can also be used as animal feed and organic fertilizer.The usage of BSFL can be efficient and environment-friendly to treat pig manure,but the heavy metals in pig manure have posed a great impact on the BSFL transformation process.In this study,the 7-day-old BSFL were used to transform pig manure at 30℃,in order to explore the BSFL growth and the transformation efficiency of manure,as well as the changes of heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cr,Cd,As)in the BSFL bodies and feces.After 8 days of transformation,the larvae were about to enter the prepupal stage,where the transformation process terminated.The results showed that the dry weight of BSFL bodies increased with the prolongation of growth time during 8 days,and reached the highest value on the 8th day.The growth rate was the lowest from 0 to 2 d,whereas,the highest from 4 to 6 days.The conversion rate of pig manure increased with time,where the maximum value of 11.5%on the 6th day,and then decreased on the 8th day.The concentrations of Cu,Cr and As in BSFL bodies on the 8th day decreased by 24.5%,21.7%and 33.0%,respectively,compared with those on the 2th day,indicating an obvious decrease in the concentrations of heavy metals with the larval growth.The content of Cd in BSFL increased with the larval growth,and the Cd concentration on the 8th day increased by 75.4%,compared with that on the 2th day.The changes of Cu,Cr,As and Cd concentrations in the BSFL feces were opposite to those of the bodies.The contents of Zn in the BSFL bodies and feces did not change significantly with the larval growth time.After 8 days of transformation,the Cd content in BSFL feces was significantly lower than that in pig manure,while,the contents of Cu,Cr,As and Zn were not significantly different from those in pig manure.The

关 键 词：粪 重金属 黑水虻 虫粪 形态 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]