水车式增氧机驱动下方形圆切角养殖池集污水动力试验  

Hydraulic characteristics of waste convergence under paddle-wheel aerators for square aquaculture pond with round angle

作　　者：桂福坤 张学芬 曲晓玉 张清靖[3] 方帅 冯德军 Gui Fukun;Zhang Xuefen;Qu Xiaoyu;Zhang Qingjing;Fang Shuai;Feng Dejun(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;School of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology,Beijing Fisheries Research Institute,Beijing 100068,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,舟山316022 [2]浙江海洋大学水产学院,舟山316022 [3]北京市水产科学研究所,渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100068

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第20期275-282,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：浙江省属高校科研院所基本科研业务费(2019J00030);国家自然科学基金(31902425);舟山市科技项目(2018C21011、2020C21003)。

摘　　要：为探究水车式增氧机驱动下方形圆切角养殖池内污物汇集规律与流场分布特性,该研究通过物理模型试验研究了水车式增氧机在不同布设角度θ(θ为叶轮轴线与养殖池中线组成的锐角)、布设距离比d/a(d为叶轮轴线中点与最近池壁之间的距离,a为池壁边长)以及驱动流速v对方形圆切角养殖池内污物汇集与流场特性的影响。试验通过相机采集池底污物分布图像、声学多普勒流速仪测量养殖池内流场分布,利用MATLAB软件处理分析污物图像以及流速数据。结果表明:在池内形成有效水平环流是污物向池心汇集的首要条件,但水车式增氧机布设角度、布设距离比和驱动流速都影响池内有效环流的形成;在水车式增氧机靠近池壁布设工况下,其与池壁的夹角设置为70°时,集污效果最优;在水车式增氧机远离池壁布设工况下,其与池壁的夹角设置为45°时,集污效果最优,随着布设距离比的增加,中心集污效果增强,但是圆切角周边出现集污死角;水车式增氧机驱动流速影响养殖池内污物汇集,而且只有在水车式增氧机布设距离比和布设角度都合适的工况下,增加驱动流速,才能增强污物汇集效果。研究结果可为方形圆切角养殖池内水车式增氧机的布设方式提供参考与依据。Intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture have attracted more and more attention in recent years in China,where various types of fish are raised at a high density,particularly relying mainly on agricultural equipment and supplementary feeds.A considerable revolution has emerged increasingly from the traditional aquaculture methods,in order to meet the growing demands for the seafood both in quantity and quality,thereby to compensate for the significantly reduced capture from over exploited fisheries.Consequently,it is also urgent to deal with the solid wastes primarily derived from the uneaten feed and fecal droppings of cultured fish in the tank,especially that in the tank of high density.Moreover,solid wastes have been classified as the most dangerous waste in fish culture systems,for that they can clog the fish gills,thereby leading to the death of fish.Therefore,it is highly recommended to effectively remove the solid wastes in the tank as quickly as possible,because the reduction of residence time in a tank can be used to prevent the wastes of decomposition,further to lessen the stress to the cultured fish.In an excellent oxygen transfer system,a paddle-wheel aerator is commonly used as aquaculture equipment.The paddle-wheel aerator can generate flow circulation via adjusting the deployment,to converge solid wastes at the vicinity of the outlet end,and subsequently the solid wastes can be discharged from the tank.However,there is no sound theoretical guidance on adjusting the deployment,depending often on the experience of farmers in aquaculture practice.This case can result in various deployment patterns for the ineffective convergence and removal of solid wastes.In this study,a laboratory experiment was conducted in a model square tank with four round cut corners,in order to investigate the effects of deployment angelθ(θrepresents the acute angle between the impellers and the center line of the tank),deployment distance ratio d/a(d is the distance between the center point of the impellers and the nearest

关 键 词：水产养殖 水质 水动力学 物理模型 水车式增氧机 布设方式 集污效果 

分 类 号：S969.3[农业科学—水产养殖]