中国实生和无性系苹果砧木及其杂交后代矮化基因型分子鉴定  

Genotyping of Chinese seedling and hybrid apple rootstocks and it’s progenies for the dwarfing trait

作　　者：张恒涛[1] BUS Vincent G.M. 张亚茹 王欢 王美丽 BOWATTE Deepa GARDINER Susan E. CHAGNE David KIRK Chris KUMAR Satish 王大江[4] 张瑞萍[1] 周喆 YAO Jia-Long 阎振立[1] ZHANG Hengtao;BUS Vincent GM;ZHANG Yaru;WANG Huan;WANG Meili;BOWATTE Deepa;GARDINER Susan E;CHAGNE David;KIRK Chris;KUMAR Satish;WANG Dajiang;ZHANG Ruiping;ZHOU Zhe;YAO Jia-Long;YAN Zhenli(Zhengzhou Fruit Institute Research of CAAS,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited(PFR),Private Bag 1041,Havelock North 4157,New Zealand;The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited,Private Bag 11600,Palmerston North 4442,New Zealand;Research Institute of Pomology of CAAS,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited,Private Bag 92169,Auckland 1142,New Zealand)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]新西兰皇家植物与食品研究院,Havelock North 4157,新西兰 [3]新西兰皇家植物与食品研究院,Palmerston North 4442,新西兰 [4]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [5]新西兰皇家植物与食品研究院,Auckland 1142,新西兰

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第12期1779-1786,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-02);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28);中国农业科学院国际合作项目。

摘　　要：【目的】利用已开发的矮化性状分子标记(Dw1/Dw2)筛选中国实生和自育无性系苹果砧木,探明各个砧木品种的矮化基因型,为苹果砧木育种工作中亲本选择及矮化分子辅助育种提供帮助。【方法】以不同地区采集的24份中国实生和自育的无性系苹果砧木、147份新疆野苹果(李2-3)בM9’和345份山荆子(野1-2)בM9’杂交后代单株的叶片DNA为模板,以矮化砧木‘M9’‘M116’和‘MM106’为对照,利用已经开发的Dw1和Dw2矮化标记的SSR引物进行PCR扩增,然后用毛细管电泳检测PCR产物,分析确定各个样品的矮化基因型。【结果】在24份中国苹果砧木中鉴定出8份携带Dw1矮化基因,5份携带Dw2矮化基因,3个自育杂交品种同时携带Dw1和Dw2矮化基因;新疆野苹果(李2-3)בM9’组合的147个杂种实生苗中有48株携带Dw1矮化基因,14株同时携带Dw1和Dw2基因,山荆子(野1-2)בM9’的345个杂交后代中仅有11个单株携带Dw1基因型,其余单株均不携带任一矮化基因。【结论】试验中检测的八棱海棠(房2-3)、山荆子(野1-2)和平邑甜茶(野2-22)等中国常用实生砧木均不携带Dw1或Dw2基因,仅新疆野苹果(李2-3)中含有Dw2矮化基因;中国自育的杂交砧木品种中,以‘M9’等矮化品种为亲本的后代大多携带Dw1或Dw2;双亲都含有矮化基因的杂交组合后代能获得更多的携带矮化基因的单株。【Objective】The Chinese apple industry is the largest in the world at present,both for fruit production and planted area.Most of the orchards are established with trees on seedling rootstocks,which leads to higher costs for the growers because more time and labour are required to grow good quality apples.Apple rootstocks play a vital role in apple cultivation as suitable rootstocks are important to achieve efficient production in high-yielding apple orchards.Growing dwarf trees in high density plantings has been the trend in new orchards globally for a considerable time now and the Chinese apple industry is following suit.Hence,the breeding and selection of dwarfing rootstocks with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses will form the basis of the future Chinese apple industry.Because of the long cycle of apple rootstock breeding and its high resource requirements,breeding progress has been slow.Nevertheless,over the past decades in China,multiple initiatives in apple rootstock breeding have resulted in several cultivars.Compared with phenotypic identification methods,the application of molecular markers in trait characterization is more accurate and efficient,through identifying genomic differences.Molecular marker-assisted screening for the Dw1 and Dw2 dwarfing genes identified in‘M9’rootstock is being used in early pre-selection of hybrid seedlings as a means to predict the dwarfing performance of offspring.In future breeding,we can also purposefully design parental combinations with the selection objectives in mind.The objective of this study was the genetic characterization of Chinese seedling and hybrid apple rootstocks and it’s progenies for the dwarfing genes.【Methods】Leaf samples of 27 rootstocks were obtained from different regions around China including‘M9’‘M116’and‘MM106’as reference(semi-)dwarfing genotypes,and from 147 seedlings of a M.sieversii(Li 2-3)בM9’and 345 seedlings of a M.baccata(Wild 1-2)בM9’family.The first-generation hybrid seeds were obtained from

关 键 词：苹果砧木 矮化性状 基因型 分子标记育种 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]