中国苹果花叶病病原研究现状分析  

Advances in the identification of pathogens associated with apple mosaic disease of apple trees in China

作　　者：邢飞[1] 王红清 李世访[1] XING Fei;WANG Hongqing;LI Shifang(State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;ChinaDepartment of Pomology,College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所·植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第12期1953-1963,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872922)。

摘　　要：我国是世界上最大的苹果生产国,苹果花叶病是苹果栽培中最常见的病毒性病害,在我国各大苹果产区发生普遍。感病苹果叶片常表现花叶、坏死、沿脉形成不均匀分布的条纹等症状,栅栏组织细胞排列松散、叶绿体畸变、膜结构遭到破坏,最终影响叶片光合能力和果实品质形成,严重威胁苹果产业的可持续健康发展。近年来的研究表明,从感花叶病苹果叶片中新鉴定的苹果坏死花叶病毒(Apple necrotic mosaic virus,ApNMV)与我国苹果表现花叶病的相关性较高,可能是引起我国苹果花叶病的主要病原。但也有研究指出,同属于雀麦花叶病毒科(Bromoviridae)等轴不稳环斑病毒属(Ilarvirus)的苹果花叶病毒(Apple mosaic virus,ApMV)和李属坏死环斑病毒(Prunus necrotic ringspot virus,PNRSV)也被认为可能是引起我国苹果花叶病的重要病原。为此,笔者依据前人研究基础及本研究室前期研究结果,系统综述了ApNMV与我国苹果花叶病的关系及其研究进展,并分析了ApMV和PNRSV在我国表现苹果花叶病的苹果样品中的侵染状况,旨在进一步明确引起我国苹果花叶病的主要病原,为该病害的科学防控提供参考。Apple(Malus domestica)is one of the most economically important fruit crops.China is the largest apple producer all over the world,accounting for about 50%of apple productions and harvested areas worldwide.Apple mosaic disease is the most common viral disease in apple cultivation and is widely distributed in major apple-producing regions in China,which is a constant challenge to the development of apple industry.Apple mosaic disease was first reported in Europe and was one of the viral diseases that could be transmissible by budding or grafting.The mosaic-diseased apple leaves show pale yellow to bright cream-colored irregular spots,rings or brownish necrotic spots.Bands and/or line patterns along the main veins were observed with uneven distribution on apple leaves.Apple mosaic virus(ApMV)is believed to be the only causal agent causing apple mosaic disease for a long period of time.However,for nearly a decade,ApMV has not been detected in our and other researchers’surveys on apple mosaic disease in China although the symptoms are similar to those caused by ApMV.In recent years,prunus necrotic ringspot virus(PNRSV)has also been considered as an important pathogen causing apple mosaic disease in China.PNRSV is a worldwide viral pathogen,which infects many economic fruit trees,such as peach,cherry,plum,hazelnut,apricot,apple and other ornamental plants.PNRSV can cause chlorotic ringspots,yellow rings,green line pattern,mosaic,systemic necrosis or severe stunting in the diseased fruit trees.Apple necrotic mosaic virus(ApNMV),a newly identified ilarvirus isolated from the mosaic-diseased apple trees,was clustered in subgroup 3 of genus Ilarvirus together with PNRSV and ApMV,but showed relatively low nucleotide identities(49.2%-64.3%)with these two ilarviruses.ApNMV has shown a high correlation at a very high percentage(i.e.,92.1%,268 out of 291)with mosaic-diseased trees being infected with ApNMV but not with ApMV in China,suggesting that ApNMV might be the main pathogen of apple mosaic disease in China.So far,crab

关 键 词：苹果花叶病 苹果坏死花叶病毒 苹果花叶病毒 李属坏死环斑病毒 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]