兴边富民行动与边疆民族地区多维贫困的缓解  

The Action of Vitalizing the Border and Enriching the People and the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Alleviation in the Border Ethnic Areas

作　　者：吴本健[1] 王蕾[1] 覃梓文 WU Ben-jian;WANG Lei;QIN Zi-wen(School of Economics,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学经济学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期108-122,共15页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“新时期的小额信贷与相对贫困治理:理论反思、机制分析及路径优化”(项目编号:72073151);国家民委民族研究项目招标课题“民族地区脱贫成果巩固与相对贫困治理研究”(项目编号:2020-GMD-047);中央民族大学“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”研究专项项目“兴边富民行动:铸牢中华民族共同体意识的经济着力点”(项目编号:2020MDZL01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：边疆民族地区曾一度成为脱贫攻坚中的"洼地"。兴边富民行动的实施,不仅助推了其"富民、兴边、强国、睦邻"目标的实现,也极大地助力了边疆民族地区的脱贫攻坚和全面小康建设。在理论分析的基础上,本文基于140个陆地边境县(市、区)的数据,评估分析了兴边富民行动相关政策对边疆民族地区多维贫困缓解的溢出效应。研究发现:兴边富民行动有效地缓解了边疆民族地区的多维贫困问题,具体表现在"边疆民族地区农民收入稳步上升、居住环境显著改善、就业创业能力明显提高、教育医疗保障进一步巩固、文化事业得以繁荣"等方面。当然,由于兴边富民行动资金资源有限,边疆民族地区仍然存在"居民最低生活保障标准偏低、辍学率相对较高、公共卫生医疗资源在地区间的配置不尽合理"等问题。因此,"十四五"规划时期,边疆民族地区在巩固脱贫成果、谋划乡村振兴的过程中,应该适当提高居民的最低生活保障标准,形成保障义务教育的长效机制,并改善公共卫生服务提供机制,从而实现边疆民族地区的高质量经济社会发展。The border ethnic area has been the toughest issue to solve for poverty alleviation.The implementation of the action for vitalizing the border and enriching the people not only promotes the realization of its goal of"enriching the people,prospering the border,strengthening the country and friendship with neighbor countries",but also significantly facilitates the border areas to achieve poverty alleviation and build a well-off society in an all-round way.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this paper evaluates and analyzes the spillover effect of policies related to the action of prospering the border and enriching the people on the multidimensional poverty alleviation in the border ethnic areas based on the data of 140 land border counties(cities and districts).It is found that the action of prospering the border and enriching the people has effectively alleviated the multi-dimensional poverty problem in the border ethnic areas,which is manifested in the steady increase of farmers’income,the remarkable improvement of living environment,the obvious improvement of employment and entrepreneurial ability,the further consolidation of education and medical security,and the prosperity of cultural undertakings.Of course,due to the limited resources of the action,there are problems remain in the border ethnic areas,such as the low standard of minimum living security,the relatively high dropout rate,and the unreasonable allocation of public health and medical resources among the regions.Therefore,in the planning period of the 14 th Five-Year Plan,in the process of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and planning for rural revitalization,the border ethnic areas should appropriately raise the minimum living security standards of residents,form a long-term mechanism to guarantee compulsory education,and improve the public health service,so as to realize the high-quality economic and social development of the border ethnic areas.

关 键 词：兴边富民行动 边疆民族地区 多维贫困 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]