称重法决策灌溉量对袋式栽培甜瓜茎流与养分吸收及产量的影响  

Effects of irrigation amounts by weighting method on stem flow and nutrient absorption of melon in substrate bag culture

作　　者：任瑞丹 范兵华 王归鹏 李建明 REN Ruidan;FAN Binghua;WANG Guipeng;LI Jianming(Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第12期81-89,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018TSCXL-NY-05-01);青海省科技计划项目(2018-NK-123);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目(LMAD201802)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究有机营养液基质袋式栽培条件下,依据称重法决策灌溉量与甜瓜茎流的关系,分析茎流与根际环境因子和温室内空气环境因子的相关性,以及灌溉量对甜瓜养分吸收和产量的影响,为进一步推广称重法决策灌溉量提供依据。【方法】以薄皮甜瓜“千玉6号”为试材,采用盆栽方式,每个处理10盆。每个处理随机选取3盆植株放置在连续称重仪上测定,以获得甜瓜每个处理的蒸腾耗水总量(WET)。从开花期开始进行水分处理,即分别按照WET的80%(T1),100%(T2),120%(T3)对甜瓜进行灌溉,其余正常管理,监测甜瓜生长的空气环境因子(空气温度、空气相对湿度、冠层净辐射、饱和蒸气压差)和根际环境因子(根际含水率、根际电导率)以及不同处理甜瓜的茎流速率,分析茎流速率与空气环境因子和根际环境因子的相关性,并测定了不同处理甜瓜干物质积累、产量及各个器官的全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)含量。【结果】晴天甜瓜茎流流速为不稳定的宽型单峰曲线,阴天为双峰曲线,多云转晴情况下为窄型单峰曲线。各处理甜瓜茎流速率表现为T3>T2>T1,而且T3处理的变幅最大。茎流速率与空气环境因子的直接通径系数的绝对值表现为根际电导率>冠层净辐射>根际含水量>空气相对湿度>饱和蒸气压差>空气温度。根际环境因子中,甜瓜根际电导率对茎流流速的直接效应最强;空气环境因子中,冠层净辐射对茎流流速的直接效应最强。晴天不同处理甜瓜茎流总量大于蒸腾耗水总量,且晴天和阴天不同处理的茎流总量差异显著。随着灌溉量的增加,各处理甜瓜蒸腾耗水总量、总鲜质量、产量均表现为T3>T2>T1。3个灌水量处理根、茎、叶中N、P、K含量差异不显著,果实中N、P、K含量差异显著。根中N、P、K含量均表现为T3>T1>T2;茎中N、P含量表现为T3>T2>T1,K含量表现为T3>T1>T2;叶片中N、P、K含量表【Objective】This paper studied the relationship between the irrigation amount and the stem flow of muskmelon under the condition of organic nutrient solution matrix bag cultivation,and analyzed the correlation between the stem flow and the rhizosphere environment factors and the air environment factors in the greenhouse,as well as the influence of the irrigation amount on the nutrient absorption and yield of muskmelon,so as to provide a basis for the further popularization of the weighing method to determine the irrigation amount.【Method】The thin skin melon“qianyu 6”was used as the test material.Potted plants were used to treat 10 pots each.For each treatment,3 plants were selected and placed on a continuous weighing machine to obtain the daily transpiration water consumption per plant of each treatment of melon,which was denoted as WET.Starting from the flowering period,irrigation was conducted in accordance with 80%(T1),100%(T2)and 120%(T3)of WET,and the normal management of the rest was consistent.Monitoring of muskmelon growth factor of temperature,humidity,air canopy net radiation,vapor pressure deficit and rhizosphere environment factor,the water content,conductivity,and different processing stem flow,nutrient uptake and yield,analysis of stem flow rate and air environment factor and rhizosphere environment factor,and the determination of the different processing melon accumulation of dry matter,yield and total nitrogen(N)、total phosphorus(P)、total potassium(K)elements contents of each organ.【Result】The stem flow of muskmelon was a wide unimodal curve on sunny days,a double peak curve on cloudy days,and a narrow unimodal curve in cloudy clears days.The stem flow rate of each treatment was T3>T2>T1,and the variation of T3 treatment was the largest,showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The direct path coefficient between stem flow rate and environmental factor is the rhizosphere conductivity>net canopy radiation>rhizosphere water content>air relative humidity>vapor pressur

关 键 词：甜瓜 灌溉量 茎流 环境因子 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]