跨界环境影响评价义务及其履行  

The Obligation of Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment

作　　者：阙占文[1] Que Zhan-wen(Law School of Yat-sen University Law,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院/南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东广州510275

出　　处：《政法论丛》2020年第6期90-99,共10页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“陆海统筹背景下我国海洋生态环境协同治理研究”(18VHQ014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：环境影响评价被纳入国际条约和文件中,并得到国际司法机构认可,成为一项反映法律确信的国家实践,构成一般国际法上的义务。跨界环评包括甄别等不同阶段,分别对应国家的环评启动决定权、环评执行权和项目决策权。国家制定和实施法律,确保其管辖或控制下的经营者开展环评,是跨界环评义务的主要内容。这一义务源自预防跨界损害原则,属于行为义务,一般以适当注意为履行标准。适当注意是一个动态、弹性的概念,反映跨界环评的国家主导,并回应科学技术和国际关系的发展。国际环境标准等软法规范增强适当注意的客观性,合理限制国家环评主权。执行鸿沟是跨界环评的薄弱环节,需要完善能力建设条款,提高国家履约能力。Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)was incorporated into international treaties and documents,accepted by International Court of Justice,and became the obligation under general international law.State has the obligation to ensure the operator in its jurisdiction or under its control to carry out EIA.The obligation of transboundary EIA originated from the no-harm principle and constituted obligation of conduct where due diligence applied as standard of conduct.The concept of due diligence is dynamic and flexible and includes subjective and objective contents.To determine whether state performed it obligation of transboundary EIA,according to Common But Different Responsibility,should take into account the international standard relating EIA,the characteristics at various stages of EIA and the capabilities to carry out the EIA requirements.Capacity building is key factor to improve the compliance with the EIA obligation under the international environmental law.

关 键 词：跨界环评 确保义务 适当注意 国家主导 

分 类 号：DF969[政治法律—国际法学]